"This article reviews the evidence of specific mandatory work-first programmes (job search assistance and workfare) for welfare recipients in the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany. It primarily refers to experimental and econometric evaluations of single programmes and to meta-evaluations. The effectiveness of specific programme elements in promoting the transition from welfare to work is summarized. The advantage of combining work-first with training programmes and in-work benefits is discussed. As the diversity of programmes, target groups, research designs, etc. makes cross-country comparisons difficult, policy conclusions are drawn with caution."

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