Documents gender 2 571 results

"S'il est aujourd'hui admis que la santé au travail a rarement occupé le haut de l'agenda des organisations syndicales, on sait aussi que ce sujet est loin d'avoir été oublié par les syndicalistes. Quel rôle ont donc joué ces militant·es dans la politisation de la santé au travail ? Cet article s'attaque à cette question en étudiant l'activité des acteurs et actrices des directions confédérales de la CFDT et de la CGT chargé·es du dossier de la santé au travail durant les années 1980-1990. À rebours de certains discours, militant·es et scientifiques, présentant cette période comme celle de la crise du syndicalisme et de son repli sur la défense de l'emploi, l'article montre la persistance d'un intérêt pour la santé professionnelle, en même temps que son maintien au second rang des préoccupations militantes. Nous montrons que les pratiques en matière de santé au travail des directions syndicales sont façonnées à la fois par les priorités politiques de ces directions et par les propriétés sociales des conseiller·ères qui assurent la gestion de ce dossier. Les pratiques varient selon les périodes et les militant·es qui s'en saisissent. En étudiant les interactions entre les conseiller·ères et des militant·es de terrain fortement engagé·es en faveur de la défense de la santé des salarié·es, l'article montre enfin comment les contraintes du travail des conseiller·ères peuvent faire obstacle à la prise en charge de ce sujet."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

"Existe-t-il un lien statistique entre les changements de situation familiale et l'accès à la formation continue ? Cet article cherche à répondre à cette question à partir d'une analyse empirique effectuée sur les enquêtes Emploi en continu de 2003 à 2012. Si les résultats montrent que les naissances sont associées à une diminution de la probabilité d'être formées pour les femmes, ils suggèrent que l'entrée des enfants dans le système scolaire constitue une opportunité permettant aux individus les plus diplômés d'accroître leur participation aux formations d'entreprise. Les mises en couple et séparations sont par ailleurs associées à des inégalités entre sexes dans l'accès aux formations : la rupture d'une union est négativement corrélée avec la probabilité de suivre une formation d'entreprise, notamment pour les femmes qui ont la garde de leurs enfants. Pour les formations proposées par un organisme de placement, majoritairement à destination des chômeurs, il semble que c'est moins la répartition de la garde des enfants que la situation professionnelle des conjoints au moment de la rupture qui importe."

"Objectives This study aimed to examine gender differences in physician-certified sick leave and the extent to which these differences can be explained by work-related psychosocial and mechanical risk factors.Methods Randomly drawn from the general population in Norway, the cohort comprised working men and women aged 18–69 years (N=12 255, response rate at baseline = 60.9%). Eligible respondents were interviewed in 2009 and registered with an active employee relationship of ?100 actual working days in 2009 and 2010 (N=3688 men and 3070 women). The study measured 11 work-related psychosocial factors and 11 mechanical exposures, and outcomes of interest were physician-certified general sick leave (GSL) >0 days and long-term sick leave (LTSL) ?40 working days during 2010.Results Women reported a significantly higher level of exposure to 9 of the 11 psychosocial factors evaluated. For mechanical factors, the reporting was mixed. After controlling for age, educational level, sick leave during 2009, housework, working hours and family status, a 1.7-fold risk for GSL and LTSL were found among women. In comparison with the initial model, adjusting for psychosocial factors reduced the excess risk by 21% and 27% for GSL and LTSL, respectively. The total effect of mechanical factors was negligible. Differences between occupations held by women and men explained an additional one-tenth of the excess risk for LTSL among women.Conclusions Work-related psychosocial factors contributed significantly to a higher level of GSL and LTSL among women. The most important factors were demands for hiding emotions, emotional demands, and effort–payment imbalance."

"The book presents state of the art research on women's current position in European labour markets. It combines analysis of the latest trends in employment, occupational segregation, working time, unpaid work, social provisions (especially care provisions) and the impact of the financial crisis, with overall assessment of the actual impact of the European Employment Strategy and the specific impact of key policies, such as taxation and flexicurity."

"Learning about the impact of immigration on the labor market outcomes of natives is a topic of major concern for immigrant-receiving countries. Using data from Spain, where the immigrant population has risen from 4% to 13% within a decade, we find that immigration appears to have affected the task specialization of natives without affecting their employment levels. However, the impact of immigration on the relative task supply of natives is twice as great in Spain as in the United States. The magnitude of the immigration impact in a country with a large share of immigrants originating from Spanish-speaking countries suggests that host country language proficiency is not the sole factor driving the observed impact. Additionally, the analysis reveals significant gender differences in the impact of immigration on the relative task supply of natives, possibly resting on the occupational concentration of immigrants and native occupational segregation patterns by gender, among other factors."

"We shed new light on the effects of having children on hourly wages by exploiting access to data on the entire population of employed same-sex twins in Denmark. Our second contribution is the use of administrative data on absenteeism; the amount of hours off due to holidays and sickness. Our results suggest that childbearing reduces female hourly wages but the principal explanation is in fact mothers' higher levels of absence. We find a positive wage premium for fathers."

"The idea that wages are determined by firm and individual characteristics suggests that there is a firm effect that influences wage differentials. This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of gender wage differentials — based on INPS data for people between the ages of 20 and 25 employed in the private sector in 1996 — which takes into account the characteristics of workers and firms using a two-level random-effects model. Firm variables proved to be significant, and the proportion of females in the firm showed a negative effect on the wages of both men and women."

"In 2007 there were 20.7 million people aged 50 and over in the UK representing a 50 per cent increase from 1951. This article, using the Labour Force Survey of the UK, describes recent trends in the characteristics and labour market participation of older workers including: the employment rate of older workers and regional patterns; the influence of partners on labour market activity; the likely occupations, working patterns, employment status and qualifications of older workers; and the older generation gender pay gap. "

"In the 21st century myriad earth systems – atmospheric systems, ocean systems, land systems, neo-Liberal capitalism – are in crisis. These crises are deeply related. Taking diverse and multiple forms, they have diverse and multiple consequences and are evidenced in such things as war, everyday violence, hate and extremism, global flows of millions of the dispossessed and homeless; and in the precarious, uncertain, and marginal existence of millions more.
Rethinking Young People's Marginalisation is concerned with the experience, affect, and effects of these earth systems crises on:
• young people's life chances, life choices, and life courses
• young people's engagement with education, training, and work
• the character of young people's being and becoming, their gendered
embodiment, their participation in cultures of democracy, their resilience,
and their marginalisation.
Indeed, in setting out to rethink young people's marginalisation, this insightful volume makes a contribution to troubling key concepts in Youth Studies, primarily: structure and agency; transitions and pathways; gender and embodiment, citizenship, risk, and resilience. It does this by drawing on a variety of critical, theoretical traditions, including Bauman's engagement with the ambivalence of the human condition; Foucault's studies of mentalities of government and genealogies of the subject; the critique of the politics of disposability and violence of neo-Liberalism undertaken by Giroux, and the authors of Kilburn Manifesto;
Braidotti's vitalist posthumanism; and Haraway's figure of the Chthulucene.
Analysing the ways in which young people engage in and develop new cultures of democracy, Rethinking Young People's Marginalisation will appeal to postgraduate students and postdoctoral researchers interested in fields such as Youth Studies, Youth Sociology, Education Studies, and Critical Social Theory."