Documents migration 777 results

"Is the EU enlargement the success EU institutions proclaim? Based on fifteen years of fieldwork research across Central and Eastern Europe and on migrants in the UK and Germany, this book provides a less glittering answer. The EU has betrayed hopes of social cohesion: social regulations have been forgotten, multinationals use threats of relocations, and workers, left without institutional channels to voice their concerns, have reacted by leaving their countries en masse. Yet migration, for many, increases social vulnerability.

Drawing on Hirschman's concepts of ‘Exit' and ‘Voice', the book traces the origins of such failures in the management of EU enlargement as a pure economic and market-creating exercise, neglecting the inherently political nature of labour relations. The reinforcement of market mechanisms without political counterbalances has resulted in an increase in opportunistic ‘exit' behaviour by both employers and employees, and thereby in a worsening quality of democracy, at workplace, national and European levels. As a result of this process, the EU has become more similar to the North American Free Trade Agreement between USA, Canada and Mexico, where social rights are marginalized and economic integration does not translate into better development. "

"Migration trends and flows are changing, and calling countries and regions to provide new answers and policies. In this changing landscape, many European and Asian countries are characterised by ageing and shrinking populations. In order to ensure their economic growth and maintain their welfare systems, they have implemented a series of measures to reduce the demographic effects, among which opening channels to legal migration plays a key role. As these countries try to attract the same group of people, mainly highly-skilled professionals and low-skilled workers, increasing competition between the two regions might be observed in the upcoming years. In particular, high-skilled professionals are targeted by receiving societies. They are encouraged to stay for longer periods, or even enticed to settle down permanently. This is achieved by providing them with rights and benefits, facilitating their stay, and making them the target of integration policies.

As the status of the countries in Europe and Asia differs greatly in terms of whether they are considered sending, receiving or transit countries of migration, it is hardly possible to generalize both the problems and the policies to tackle them.

In order to contribute to the understanding of current challenges and implemented solutions, this publication includes papers with perspectives from Europe and Asia. What are the migration and integration policies as well as present challenges in these countries? What can they learn from each other? How do they try to facilitate migration and make it a beneficial process?"

"Ce numéro spécial de la Chronique internationale de l'IRES est consacré aux diverses modalités de recours à des travailleurs migrants temporaires, plus précisément aux régimes institutionnels organisant des migrations pendulaires de personnes étrangères autorisées à venir occuper un emploi pour une durée déterminée, et prévoyant leur retour dans leur pays de résidence. Il s'appuie sur l'examen de onze situations nationales : sept membres de l'Union européenne, (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Danemark, Espagne, Irlande et Italie), plus le Royaume-Uni ainsi que trois pays respectivement situés en Amérique du Nord (États-Unis, Canada, en particulier Québec) et du Sud (Argentine). Le recours aux travailleurs migrants temporaires est en forte croissance partout, mais se répartit de façon très variable selon les pays, autour de trois principaux statuts migratoires : travailleurs saisonniers, autres travailleurs temporaires et travailleurs détachés par une entreprise installée dans un autre pays. Souvent présentés au niveau politique comme des modèles de migration de travail à privilégier, les régimes légaux organisant les migrations temporaires méritent une attention particulière compte tenu de leurs conséquences sur les conditions de travail et les normes sociales pour tous les travailleurs des pays concernés. Les politiques qui les encadrent fragilisent les conditions de vie et de travail des travailleurs migrants temporaires : elles permettent leur exploitation en consacrant les inégalités existantes avec les travailleurs nationaux et aussi entre travailleurs migrants, en limitant l'accès aux droits et à la protection sociale, et en générant des conditions de travail largement dégradées. Pour autant, les organisations syndicales peinent à défendre ces travailleurs et à engager des actions collectives en leur faveur,..."

"This 2017 edition of Benchmarking working Europe focuses on the question 'overcoming cleavages across the EU?'. It analyses in four chapters and with the help of 58 visual graphs latest trends and outcomes of European policies in the areas of macro-economics, wages and collective bargaining, labour markets and, last but not least, social dialogue and workers' participation.
The Benchmarking working Europe 2017 demonstrates that the European Union is experiencing increasing social divergences and underlines the need for new policies that can generate higher living standards for all, based on fair integration and upwards convergence."

"The first edition of this new multi-authored publication entitled ‘Migration Panorama' focuses on the consequences of the refugee and migration crisis on the Schengen area and the concept of a borderless union. Several external and EPC authors have contributed to building a comprehensive picture on the manifold challenges and possible consequences of maintaining and/or returning to internal border controls among Schengen countries. How does a signatory of the Schengen agreement see the current developments? What would be the impact of the reintroduction of physical borders on Europe's digital economy? In what way do the V4 countries envisage to solve the ‘Schengen crisis'? How dangerous are the empty threats to expel Greece out of the Schengen area? What is the symbolic meaning of the Belgian border controls following the French decision to dismantle parts of the Calais ‘jungle'? Is saving Schengen only a question of national sovereignty or a matter of shared European responsibility? All these questions and many others are tackled in this first issue of the ‘Migration Panorama' produced by EPC' s Migration and Diversity Programme."

"Foreign students and trainees are welcomed by the EU for study purposes. Member States must ensure that during their studies third-country national (TCN) students can legally work for at least ten hours a week, whereas trainees may not. This article deals with these often overlooked TCN students and trainees as migrant workers. It presents an extensive analysis of EU labour migration Directives on the level of protection of TCN students and trainees in comparison to illegally staying TCNs, with a case-study based on Dutch employer sanctions case law. The aim of the article is to map this reclassification of students and trainees as workers. One conclusion is that legally staying migrants may be more vulnerable and receive less protection under EU law than irregular migrant workers."

"This article looks at the relationship between employment agencies and migration. The connections between employment agencies and migrants have long been recognized. However, many have suggested that the relationship between agencies and migrants is changing. Drawing on four research studies by the authors, conducted between 2005 and 2012, the article looks at three key issues: the use of employment agencies by migrants; the strategies of employment agencies towards migrants; and the outcomes for migrants associated with working through employment agencies. The article finds that agencies are adapting their strategies towards migrants, but that the outcomes of these strategies are often negative for migrants."

"Most discussions of the EU's development agenda that emphasize the social dimension of globalization in general or labour rights and standards in particular tend to focus on either trade agreements or aid. However, in 1999, the EU explicitly linked migration to its development objectives, and in 2011, the European Commission launched the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM), which lists ‘maximizing the development impact of migration and mobility' as one of its four pillars. A distinctive feature of the GAMM's approach is that migrants are placed at the centre and their human rights are to be mainstreamed throughout the migration cycle.To what extent is the GAMM's commitment to migrants' rights being put into practice? How does the GAMM's emphasis on migrants' rights impact upon development? Using the recently adopted Seasonal Workers Directive as my focus, I will attempt to address these questions. First, I will examine the extent to which the Directive protects migrant workers' human rights and ensures that they have access to meaningful labour standards. Second, I will explore the extent to which the Directive facilitates circular migration, which is seen as a key component of development-oriented migration. Third, I will consider the relationship between this Directive and Mobility Partnerships, which are the EU's key instruments for linking migration to development, when it comes to migrant workers' rights and circular migration. "

"This paper provides a view of progress over the last quarter century in the economics of international migration. I focus on two long established topics and two that have surged in the last decade. Interest in immigrant and assimilation and in the labour market effects of immigration has been kept going by methodological debates and by the diffusion of empirical work from the United States to the wider world. More recently, the difficult politics of immigration policy has fuelled the research agenda and has given rise to a new literature on the forces that drive immigration policy and on the assessment of its effects. Important also is the growth of interest in the causes and consequences of emigration from developing countries. Most notable has been the revival of interest in the brain drain and the wider consequences of the expanding emigrant diaspora."