"To support the improved administration of social security programmes, this article presents a preliminary compliance risk management (CRM) model for social security institutions to use as a tool to help address the operational challenges of error, evasion and fraud. Within the model, error,evasion and fraud are collectively referred to as issues of non-compliance. The model's framework addresses non-compliance in an integrated manner with regard to the main functions of contribution collection and benefit administration. The model aims to facilitate tackling these important issues by better permitting the identified challenges to be prioritized and, thereafter, addressed based on the assessed severity of their impacts and the cost-effectiveness of the selected responses.Three generic types of intervention are recommended to tackle non-compliance worldwide: prevention, detection and deterrence.The article's objective is to contribute to ongoing work to develop an encompassing CRM framework for all social security systems."

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