Documents temporary employment 646 results

"Using Italian data, this paper investigates the wage implications of temporary jobs across the whole pay profile using unconditional quantile regression (UQR) models. Results clearly indicate that the wage penalty associated to temporary jobs is significantly larger at the bottom of wage profile and is almost absent for high-wage jobs. This is in line with the sticky floors hypothesis, supporting the idea that the wage gap for temporary employees depends on their position in the wage distribution for low-paid jobs. To recover a causal interpretation, I employ an instrumental variable (IV) strategy. I adopt the unconditional instrumental variable quantile treatment effects (IVQTE) estimator proposed by Frolich and Melly, which corrects for endogenous selection in temporary contracts. The IVQTE estimates yield similar results to standard UQR, even if the wage penalty is larger in size at the bottom of the wage distribution and disappears at the top quantiles. This evidence highlights that policies aimed at increasing flexibility may reinforce the two-tier nature of the Italian labour market and the relative wage inequality."

"The paper takes issue with demand-based interpretations of the consequences of deregulation through temporary employment in Spain. According to demand-based accounts, the introduction of temporary contracts has helped to generate and maintain a secondary segment in the Spanish labour market, in which specific product market conditions generate a need for highly flexible contracts to perform low-skilled tasks. In contrast to this view, the paper argues that partial deregulation has also had important segmenting consequences amongst Spanish professionals, despite the high levels of asset specificity and monitoring costs involved in their job tasks. Drawing on the analysis of the Spanish Labour Force Survey for the period 1987–1997, the paper presents empirical evidence that shows how, when introduced in a context of high unemployment and high dismissal costs for the permanent workforce, temporary contracts can generate a process of polarization of employment chances within both manual and professional occupations. The segmenting consequences of partial deregulation have, therefore, been more severe, pervasive and pernicious than it is acknowledged by demand-based accounts."

"Ce numéro spécial de la Chronique internationale de l'IRES est consacré aux diverses modalités de recours à des travailleurs migrants temporaires, plus précisément aux régimes institutionnels organisant des migrations pendulaires de personnes étrangères autorisées à venir occuper un emploi pour une durée déterminée, et prévoyant leur retour dans leur pays de résidence. Il s'appuie sur l'examen de onze situations nationales : sept membres de l'Union européenne, (Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Danemark, Espagne, Irlande et Italie), plus le Royaume-Uni ainsi que trois pays respectivement situés en Amérique du Nord (États-Unis, Canada, en particulier Québec) et du Sud (Argentine). Le recours aux travailleurs migrants temporaires est en forte croissance partout, mais se répartit de façon très variable selon les pays, autour de trois principaux statuts migratoires : travailleurs saisonniers, autres travailleurs temporaires et travailleurs détachés par une entreprise installée dans un autre pays. Souvent présentés au niveau politique comme des modèles de migration de travail à privilégier, les régimes légaux organisant les migrations temporaires méritent une attention particulière compte tenu de leurs conséquences sur les conditions de travail et les normes sociales pour tous les travailleurs des pays concernés. Les politiques qui les encadrent fragilisent les conditions de vie et de travail des travailleurs migrants temporaires : elles permettent leur exploitation en consacrant les inégalités existantes avec les travailleurs nationaux et aussi entre travailleurs migrants, en limitant l'accès aux droits et à la protection sociale, et en générant des conditions de travail largement dégradées. Pour autant, les organisations syndicales peinent à défendre ces travailleurs et à engager des actions collectives en leur faveur,..."

"It is a well-known fact that temporary agency workers accept high wage penalties compared to permanent workers. However, remarkably little is known about the wages of workers who regularly take jobs in the temp sector or who do temp work for a substantial period of time. Based on a rich administrative data set, the effect of the intensity of agency employment on the temp wage gap in Germany is estimated. Using a two-stage selection-corrected method within a panel data framework, the paper shows that the wage gap for temps with low treatment intensity is high but decreases with time spent in the sector, presumably reflecting that temporary agency workers are able to accumulate human capital while employed in the temp sector. However, agency employment seems to stigmatize those workers who move frequently from one temp job to the next."

"Este artículo analiza los resultados de las reformas laborales llevadas a cabo en España desde la década de los noventa y su repercusión sobre la temporalidad en el empleo. El análisis de los presupuestos contenidos en las distintas reformas y su justificación resulta un buen ejercicio para identificar qué hay de nuevo en las políticas de empleo encaminadas a reformar un mercado de trabajo caracterizado por la alta temporalidad, la elevada rotación en el empleo y las altas cifras de desempleo. El análisis de la evolución de esta forma de contratación en sus distintas modalidades pone de manifiesto la resistencia del mercado de trabajo a las medidas legislativas y, por tanto, su ineficacia."

"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for eleven countries during 1995–2001, I investigate temporary job contract duration and job search effort. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. I construct a search model for workers in temporary jobs which predicts that shorter duration raises search intensity. Calibration of the model to the ECHP data implies that at least 75% of the increase in search intensity over the life of a 2+ year temporary contract occurs in the last six months of the contract. I then estimate regression models for search effort that control for human capital, pay, local unemployment, and individual and time fixed effects. I find that workers on temporary jobs indeed search harder than those on permanent jobs. Moreover, search intensity increases as temporary job duration falls, and roughly 84% of this increase occurs on average in the shortest duration jobs. These results are robust to disaggregation by gender and by country. These empirical results are noteworthy, since it is not necessary to assume myopia or hyperbolic discounting in order to explain them, although the data clearly also do not rule out such explanations."