"Recent European case law suggests that certain self-employed and freelancers are entitled to negotiate collectively. The CJEU has accepted collective bargaining for the ‘false self-employed', who are in a situation comparable to that of an employee. Determinant in the case of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU) vs Ireland was the imbalance of power between the parties. This might imply that if a platform worker does not have the ability to influence pay and working conditions on an individual level, these workers might have the right to bargain collectively, regardless of the formal contractual arrangement. The collective agreements emerging in the Nordic platform economies are different in nature and their effects are not yet clear. Platform companies that hire their workforce on marginal part-time contracts seem to be more inclined to negotiate a collective agreement than platform companies using selfemployed and freelancers. It remains to be seen whether the agreements are examples of deviant cases or if they mark the beginning of a trend where increasing numbers of platform workers, at least in the Nordic countries, are covered by agreements."

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