Social policy issues and, hence, the definition of a European socio-economic model have been at the heart of political debate ever since the Lisbon summit (2000). Tension is unavoidable: a power struggle between different political models, trends and options is underway 'behind the scenes' in Europe. Discussion revolves around content, of course: what form of employment policy can be pursued jointly, how should the issue of pensions be resolved, what approach should be taken to healthcare or public services, and how can employment and economic policy be better integrated?

But methods and instruments are equally crucial. Should social rights be enshrined in the Treaty? What role should be played by legislation and/or contracts? Should the Open Methods of Co-ordination become more democratic and be extended to a wide range of policies or, on the other hand, should they be narrowly circumscribed? Should it be left up to the European Court of Justice to determine by default - through its rulings - what constitutes the European model?

Social protection, public services and social dialogue: these three essential components of social models in European countries are gradually taking centre-stage in Community debate. 'Social Developments in the European Union - 2002' attempts to pinpoint and analyse these underlying trends, so as to assist stakeholders and citizens alike in following these debates and influencing their outcomes.

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Legal deposit : D/2003/3163/25