"Based on a survey of 301 small and medium-sized enterprises in Quebec, this article explores the influence of unions on employee training in these firms. While unionization is generally found to have an influence on employee training practices, the authors' focus on the inclusion or non-inclusion of specific training clauses in collective agreements shows that such clauses establish a regulatory framework for certain forms of learning and training support at the workplace, which enhances union influence. Overall, however, the inclusion (or absence) of training clauses in collective agreements does not necessarily translate into higher (or lower) participation in actual training activities."

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