"Unions are an important indicator of various measures of firm performance in Anglo-Saxon countries. The same holds for the German analogue of workplace unionism - the works council. Using the IAB Establishment Panel I examine the impact of works councils and shop-floor participation on further training and training intensity. As some studies suggest that the impact of workplace representation varies with firm size, I also test for differences between large and small/medium-sized establishments. Pooled logit and count data models are employed to analyze firms' further training activity and training intensity. Because the treatment variables may suffer from endogeneity I also adopt linear and nonlinear instrumental variables techniques. The analysis reveals a positive impact of works councils on firm-provided further training, but provides slightly weaker evidence of firm-size differentials of workplace representation."

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