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"In the current global context, many migrant workers, and in particular women and irregular workers, are not – or are very inadequately – covered by social security and other social protection programmes. Current human rights standards related to migrant workers and families have so far had little impact on this situation. This article first examines various national approaches to extending social security to migrant workers in low-, middle- and high-income countries, such as through affiliation to the social security systems in countries of employment and countries of origin. It then attempts to assess the impact of regional and other international migration and social security agreements, particularly within the European Union. It also explores the potential impact of wider ratification of ILO and UN Conventions on migrant workers, which would ensure basic social and labour protection, in particular for irregular migrant workers. The article concludes with some key policy challenges for the future, including for improved regional and global governance."

"This article addresses the influence of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on other international organizations and global agencies which resulted in their endorsement of the Social Protection Floor (SFP) concept. By 2012 the concept had been endorsed by the United Nations in the shape of the UN Chief Executives Board's SPF-Initiative, the World Bank in its new Social Protection and Labor Strategy and by the G20 at the Cannes Summit. Furthermore the IMF had agreed to work with the ILO to explore the options for creating fiscal space within countries to fund SPFs. Special Rapporteurs for the UN Human Rights Council had also in 2012 called for the setting up of a global fund for social protection to enable poorer countries to develop their floors. By 2012 a new coordinating authority, the Social Protection Inter-Agency Cooperation Board (SPIAC-B), had been ushered into existence to facilitate inter-agency cooperation. This article describes and explains how these developments came about. It asks if the reality of increased global social governance cooperation in the field of social protection is as effective as it seems or whether there are new contradictions, overlapping and competing mandates and policy disagreements at the global level."

"More than half the world's population has no social protection of any sort. The ILO has started a campaign to remedy this state of affairs, to which this article is a contribution. After first defining the concepts of social security and coverage, the author reviews examples of successful approaches and practices used to extend social security in developing countries, notably low-income countries, for the three main social security programmes: social health insurance, contributory pensions and tax-financed social benefits. Finally, some central policy conclusions and strategies are presented."

"This article reports the findings of 13 studies undertaken as part of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) project on "Examining the existing knowledge on coverage extension". It reviews recent evidence that highlights how cash benefits and health-care coverage, financed on the basis of contributions or tax revenue or both, can be extended and maintained in low-, middle- and high-income countries. The article also highlights a number of priority areas and issues for coverage extension, including realizing improved protection for informal-economy and migrant workers."