"This report investigates the dimensions of polarisation in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective based on data from the European Social Survey. It examines trends and national variations in polarisation on various issues, looking at how European values and attitudes have changed over time. In addition, the report explores the drivers of polarisation and changing opinions on support for Ukraine, using insights from the Living and Working in the EU e-survey panel data. Economic instability emerges as the primary driver of political polarisation, whereas social media has a decisive role in reducing support for Ukraine, a pivotal finding of the analysis. Furthermore, the report identifies significant disparities in polarisation, with well-educated and more politically engaged citizens exhibiting higher levels of trust in political institutions. The report also draws attention to new tools to improve democratic participation and engage citizens in policymaking. The results of deliberative processes are illustrated by four case studies, highlighting successes and requirements for an inclusive and resilient democratic ecosystem."

Support: Digital

ISBN (PDF) : 978-92-897-2494-4