"Occupational Welfare (OW) schemes in Italy have experienced an increase in coverage and level of protection since the 1990s. Yet, despite this upward trend, these schemes still cover a minority of workers, usually play a supplementary role to statutory schemes and provide marginal protection against social and labour market risks. Occupational pensions are the most significant type of OW both in terms of expenditure and strength, followed by schemes related to health care provisions and education and training. Unemployment protection and prevention is very fragmented and data are scarce. In recent decades, policymakers have tried to reconfigure the interplay of statutory schemes (both unemployment benefit and short-time working schemes) and occupational protection through bilateral bodies (enti bilaterali) (AA.VV. 2003). The latter are of growing importance in addressing the gaps in statutory unemployment protection. The present report is based on the review of the most relevant research, official documents produced by the relevant Parliamentary committees and social partners, statistical and administrative data, interviews with key stakeholders, and the analysis of collective agreements."

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