" Contextualized educational programs nested within career pathways provide instruction aimed at improving academic and vocational skills in the context of learning about a specific career or occupation. When the emphasis is on vocational training, contextualized education is commonly referred to as integrated instruction. This review provides an overview of the conceptual motivation and major elements of the career pathways and contextualized education approaches, with an emphasis on integrated instruction. This conceptual framework is used as the basis for conducting a detailed review of the important elements, operation, and empirical evidence of various local implementations of the Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) model. We focus on variants of the I-BEST model, initially conceived and implemented in Washington, because it is the most widely known application of these approaches. Although several evaluations of Washington's program found it to be more effective than traditional alternatives, we find little empirical evidence in support of the short-term local variants implemented elsewhere. This review provides important considerations for program administrators and policymakers as well as observations regarding gaps in knowledge regarding program operation and outcomes that deserve additional research."

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