Documents pension reform 540 results

"Un des arguments majeurs lors de la mise en place des réformes visant à instaurer des systèmes de retraite à trois piliers en Pologne, Hongrie et Bulgarie était de protéger ces systèmes du « risque politique », c'est-à-dire de pressions politiques pouvant peser sur eux. Comment, dès lors, expliquer que les trois pays aient remis ces réformes structurelles en cause à peine une dizaine d'années après leur mise en place ?Les réponses se trouvent-elles dans la philosophie même de ces réformes, dans un défaut de mise en œuvre, ou encore dans des développements politiques instables ? Pour apporter des éléments de réponse, l'article se penche, d'un côté, sur l'influence idéationnelle d'une constellation d'acteurs internationaux et d'un autre côté sur l'appropriation et la mise en place de ces réformes systémiques par les acteurs nationaux. Dans le contexte européen, où les réformes des retraites sont à l'ordre du jour de plusieurs des anciens membres de l'Union européenne, comprendre la dynamique et les transformations de pays ayant conduits ces réformes systémiques en introduisant une composante importante en capitalisation permet d'éclairer certaines logiques à l'œuvre dans l'agenda européen."

"The main objective of this paper is to estimate labour supply effects of an early retirement programme in Norway. Detailed administrative data are employed in order to characterise full paths towards retirement and account for substitution from other exit routes, such as unemployment and disability insurance. By exploiting a reduction in the lower age limit for early retirement as a source of exogenous variation in individual eligibility I obtain robust difference-in-differences and triple differences estimates indicating that more than two out of three pensioners would still be working at the age of 63 had the age limit been 64 rather than 62. Hence, although successful in creating a more dignified exit route for early leavers, the programme also generated substantial costs in terms of inducing others to retire earlier."

"L'articolo analizza le differenze di genere nel sistema pensionistico pubblico, in una prospet­tiva di medio-lungo periodo. Dalla ricognizione dei principali istituti del regime contributivo, non emergono significative differenze fra uomini e donne per quanto attiene alle regole di calcolo della pensione, fatta eccezione per alcuni vantaggi a favore delle lavoratrici madri. Tuttavia, l'unicità del coefficiente di trasformazione determina, a parità di ogni altra condizione, un rilevante effet­to redistributivo dei diritti pensionistici a favore delle donne, per via della loro maggiore longevità: il valore attuale dei diritti pensionistici ad esse at­tribuiti supererebbe del 36% quello degli uomini. Il rapporto si inverte radicalmente sotto il profilo sostanziale: i livelli retributivi e la dimensione del­le carriere, a cui è correlata la maturazione dei di­ritti pensionistici, sono nettamente superiori per gli uomini. In merito, si è mostrato che i principi equitativi interni al calcolo contributivo e le ten­denze in atto nel mercato del lavoro produrranno un significativo ridimensionamento delle differen­ze di genere, ma non saranno tuttavia sufficienti a garantire una sostanziale equiparazione."

"In the face of rapid population ageing, the long-run fall in effective retirement ages in most OECD countries needs to be reversed. There are some positive signs that this is beginning to happen, but early exit from the labour force, i.e. well before official old-age pension ages, still remains a very common phenomenon in OECD countries. In this paper we first compare recent trends in the labour situation of older workers across OECD countries. This is followed by a discussion of supply-side and demand-side factors that have been driving these trends. In particular, new evidence is presented on incentives to retire that are embedded in pension systems. We conclude that recent reforms in most countries in this area are working in the direction of encouraging later retirement, although in a few countries there are still substantial incentives to stop working early. We then examine to what extent there are barriers on the demand side which may also be discouraging work at an older age such as age discrimination, seniority rules in wage setting, low training participation and employment protection rules. We conclude that countries have also begun to tackle these barriers as well. Nevertheless, while considerable pension reform has undoubtedly strengthened incentives to continue working at an older age, further action is still required on the demand side to ensure that those older workers who wish to work longer can do so."