Documents race relations 16 results

"L'expérience brève et fulgurante du Black Panther Party, fondé en 1966, a laissé une empreinte indélébile dans l'histoire de la libération noire. La répression brutale et impitoyable dont il a été la victime a été à la mesure de la peur qu'il a semé dans l'establishment américain et des espoirs qu'il a soulevé parmi les Noirs américains. Ce recueil nous permet de (re)découvrir comment les Panthères ont pris à bras le corps la lutte contre la police raciste et la suprématie blanche et pour l'autodétermination, en mettant en œuvre des programmes de développement et d'autodéfense de leurs communautés, programmes qui ont constitué une manière directe et concrète de construire l'autonomie et l'autodétermination?: le pouvoir noir.
De son ascension sur les cendres des révoltes urbaines des années 1960 à la Black Liberation Army, ce recueil nous replonge dans la vie d'un mouvement dont la mémoire a résisté aux balles et aux murs des prisons qui ont décimé ses rangs."

"Does racial diversity make forming a union harder? Case studies offer conflicting answers, and little large-scale research on the question exists. Most quantitative research on race and unionization has studied trends in membership rather than the outcome of specific organizing drives and has assumed that the main problem is mistrust between workers and unions, paying less attention, for example, to the role of employers. The author explores the role of racial and ethnic diversity in the outcomes of nearly 7,000 organizing drives launched between 1999 and 2008. By matching the National Labor Relations Board's information on union activity with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's surveys of large establishments, the author reconstructs the demographic composition of the work groups involved in each mobilization. The study finds that more diverse establishments are less likely to see successful organizing attempts. Little evidence is found, however, that this is because workers are less interested in voting for unions. Instead, the organizers of more diverse units are more likely to give up before such elections are held. Furthermore, this higher quit rate can be explained best by considering the other organizations involved in the organizing drive. In particular, employers are more likely to be charged with unfair labor practices when the unit in question is more racially diverse. This effect persists when the study controls for heterogeneity among industries, unions, and regions."

"In this article, the authors show that people skills are important determinants of labor-market outcomes, including occupational choice and wages. Technological and organizational changes have increased the importance of people skills in the workplace. The authors particularly focus on how the increased importance of these skills has affected the labor-market outcomes of underrepresented groups, assuming that gender differences in interactions and cultural differences and prejudice may impede cross-racial and ethnic interactions. Estimates for Britain, Germany, and the United States are consistent with such an explanation. An acceleration in the rate of increase in the importance of people skills between the late 1970s and early 1990s in the United States can help explain why the gender wage gap closed and the black-white wage gap stagnated in these years relative to the preceding and following years. "

"Racism, Class and the Racialized Outsider offers an original perspective on the significance of both racism and anti-racism in the making of the English working class. While racism became a powerful structuring force within this social class from as early as the mid-Victorian period, this book also traces the episodic emergence of currents of working class anti-racism. Through an insistence that race is central to the way class works, this insightful text demonstrates not only that the English working class was a multi-ethnic formation from the moment of its inception but that racialized outsiders - Irish Catholics, Jews, Asians and the African diaspora - often played a catalytic role in the collective action that helped fashion a more inclusive and democratic society. "

"Racial health inequality is related to socioeconomic status (SES), but debate ensues on the nature of the relationship. Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I and the subsequent follow-up interviews, this research examines health disparities between white and black adults and whether the SES/health gradient differs across the two groups in the USA. Two competing mechanisms for the conditional or interactive relationship between race and SES on health are examined during a 20-year period for black and white Americans. Results show that black adults began the study with more serious illnesses and poorer self-rated health than white adults and that the disparity continued over the 20 years. Significant interactions were found between race and education as well as race and employment status on health outcomes. The interaction effect of race and education showed that the racial disparity in self-rated health was largest at the higher levels of SES, providing some evidence for the ‘‘diminishing returns'' hypothesis; as education levels increased, black adults did not have the same improvement in self-rated health as white adults. Overall, the findings provide evidence for the continuing significance of both race and SES in determining health status over time."

" Whereas unemployment is clearly linked to mental health problems, employment can improve quality of life, mental health, social networks and social inclusion. Yet in the UK only 15 % of people with serious mental health problems are employed - despite an overwhelming consensus from surveys, case studies and personal accounts that users want to work. This paper aims to challenge common misconceptions surrounding employment, work and mental health problems. Drawing on a range of research evidence and legislation guidance it discusses signifiant barriers to work and proposes feasible solutions. The need for mental health staff and services to become involved in the provision of work opportunities is considered, as is the vital role they can play in changing communities. The potency of work as a vehicle for improving the social inclusion and community tenure of people with mental health problems is highlighted.

"Over the past decade there have been significant advances in the field of migration and ethnic studies, ranging in topic from ethnic conflict and discrimination to nationalism, citizenship, and integration policy. But many of these studies are oriented towards the United States, slighting, when not outright ignoring, the European perspective. This volume—the first in a set of four—will fill this research gap, gathering essays that have set a benchmark for research on and in Europe."

"No metropolis has been more loved or more hated. To its official boosters, "Los Angeles brings it all together." To detractors, LA is a sunlit mortuary where "you can rot without feeling it." To Mike Davis, the author of this fiercely elegant and wide-ranging work of social history, Los Angeles is both utopia and dystopia, a place where the last Joshua trees are being plowed under to make room for model communities in the desert, where the rich have hired their own police to fend off street gangs, as well as armed Beirut militias. In "City of Quartz", Davis reconstructs LA's shadow history and dissects its ethereal economy. He tells us who has the power and how they hold on to it. He gives us a city of Dickensian extremes, Pynchonesque conspiracies, and a desperation straight out of Nathaniel West-a city in which we may glimpse our own future, mirrored with terrifying clarity."

"Dans toute l'Europe, les années quatre-vingt-dix sont marquées par une inquiétante résurgence du racisme et de la xénophobie. Mais dès qu'on y regarde de près, on observe que leurs manifestations concrètes varient considérablement d'un pays à l'autre : harcèlement et violences racistes en Grande-Bretagne, où en revanche l'extrême droite demeure groupusculaire : poussée meurtrière, xénophobe et raciste, et montée en puissance des droites radicales en Allemagne : populisme plus ou moins lesté de haine raciste et succès électoraux de la Ligue du Nord et des néo-fascistes du MSI (Mouvement Social Italien) en Italie ? Mais sans que la violence soit un fait majeur : contribution flagrante du racisme et de la xénophobie à la crise nationale belge et aux scores éloquents des nationalistes flamands du Vlaams Blok, là aussi sans manifestation massive de violence, etc. Après La France raciste (Seuil, 1992), les chercheurs de l'équipe dirigée par Michel Wieviorka décrivent et analysent dans ce livre cette autre Europe qu'est l'Europe du racisme et de la xénophobie. Ils vont au cœur des expériences britannique, allemande, belge et italienne, et remontent, en sociologues ouverts à l'histoire, aux sources sociales, politiques et culturelles du mal. De leur étude comparative, progressivement, une conclusion se dégage : au-delà des spécificités de chaque pays, il existe une profonde unité européenne des processus et des logiques qui mènent à la haine, à la peur et à l'incapacité croissante à reconnaître et accepter l'altérité."