Documents ideology 48 results

"There has been an upsurge in research on the politics of economic inequality in the 21st century. Discussions of popular responses to rising inequality have expanded in turn yet remain centered on support for explicit government redistribution of income from the rich to the poor. We argue that this focus may downwardly bias measurement of preferences for less inequality and propose an expanded framework that incorporates preferences regarding market institutions and policies that reduce labor market inequalities, which together can shed light on the public's adherence to free market ideology. Empirically, we use original data to examine the US case, with a comparison to Sweden and Denmark. The results offer initial evidence of (1) the need for an expanded framework and research agenda in this field and (2) potentially broad-based support for policies that address economic inequality directly in the market sphere, contrary to key tenets of free market ideology."

"Ce livre est d'abord un coup de gueule contre l'idée selon laquelle il n'y aurait rien de bon à attendre des milieux populaires au regard de la situation écologique. Les élites auraient donc raison : " salauds de pauvres qui consommez si mal ! ". Ce discours discriminant est susceptible de contaminer ceux qui à gauche se disent les plus conscients des enjeux planétaires et sociaux. Pourtant tous les indicateurs prouvent que les milieux populaires ont un meilleur bilan carbone, une meilleure empreinte écologique que les milieux aisés, y compris quand ces derniers ont des pratiques " écolos ". Iconoclaste, Paul Ariès invite à relativiser les thèses de Veblen et de Bourdieu sur l'imitation par les milieux populaires des modes de vie des riches. Certes, " les riches détruisent la planète ", mais l'auteur démontre que les gens ordinaires, les " gens du commun ", ne sont pas des riches auxquels il ne manquerait que du capital économique, social, culturel et symbolique. Sans succomber à un nouvel angélisme au regard des consommateurs populaires, car il reste encore beaucoup à faire, l'auteur invite à renouer avec toute une tradition historiographique, littéraire, cinématographique qui autrefois valorisait bien davantage le peuple. Ce livre est également un cri d'espoir, car en entretenant d'autres rapports à la vie, au travail, à la consommation, à la propriété lucrative, au temps... les gens du commun, non pas ceux d'ailleurs ou d'autrefois, ne pourraient-ils pas être les principaux acteurs de la transition écologique, et par là même contribuer à " sauver la planète " ?"

"Academics have long investigated trade union behaviour through the complex interaction of identity, ideology and purpose. At the same time, there have been increasing calls to gain a deeper understanding of the purpose of strategies but the two bodies of literature seldom overlap. The article proposes a framework to help understand the essence of trade unions and to situate strategies (such as organizing) in this broader context and bridge the gap between the literature on union purpose and identity and on strategies for renewal. It is argued that the essence of unions framework can assist with the analysis of both historical and contemporary trade unionism and allows both clarification and consideration of the range of concepts and terms already in use in the industrial relations literature."

"This paper analyses how research in cross-national comparative human resource management deals with ideas, values and norms. On the basis of an analysis of the articles with that focus that were published in selected leading journals between 2001 and 2010, it first identifies the main approaches to comparative work, which are labelled as materialism, hard institutionalism, soft institutionalism, interlocking institutionalism and culturalism. How each of these broad approaches deals with ideational values is critically assessed. The paper then reviews attempts to deal with two specific problems: the shaping of national and actor identities, and the production of new ideas and cross-national learning. We conclude that the ideational sphere is under-operationalised and under-theorised in most cross-national research on human resource and industrial relations management, and suggest how this problem might be addressed."

"Son camp, Jean Ziegler l'a choisi depuis longtemps. Son engagement est même l'oeuvre de toute une vie. A l'université de Genève d'abord, où il a formé des générations de sociologues à la pensée critique. A l'ONU ensuite, où il a travaillé sans relâche à l'éradication de la faim au nom de la dignité des peuples. Dans ses livres enfin, par lesquels il n'a cessé de dénoncer les mécanismes d'assujettissement des peuples du monde. A partir de ses expériences de terrain et de son travail critique, Jean Ziegler a constitué le trésor de guerre que voici, présenté dans une édition entièrement refondue, plus de trente ans après la première. Comment penser le monde et le transformer ? Quels sont les outils analytiques à notre disposition pour y parvenir ? Choisir son camp, oui. Parce qu'il est grand temps de retourner les fusils."

"Ecological economics and its policy recommendations have become overwhelmed by economic valuation, shadow pricing, sustainability measures, and squeezing Nature into the commodity boxes of goods, services and capital in order to make it part of mainstream economic, financial and banking discourses. There are deeper concerns which touch upon the understanding of humanity in its various social, psychological, political and ethical facets. The relationship with Nature proposed by the ecological economics movement has the potential to be far reaching. However, this is not the picture portrayed by surveying the amassed body of articles from this journal or by many of those claiming affiliation. A shallow movement, allied to a business as usual politics and economy, has become dominant and imposes its preoccupation with mainstream economic concepts and values. If, instead, ecological economists choose a path deep into the world of interdisciplinary endeavour they will need to be prepared to transform themselves and society. The implications go far beyond the pragmatic use of magic numbers to convince politicians and the public that ecology still has something relevant to say in the 21st century."

"This paper draws upon the work of Richard Hyman to examine the question of union renewal in France. Developing a discussion around union renewal is particularly significant in the context of France, since studies on French unions since the mid-1980s have centred on the movement's ‘decline' and ‘crisis', and France has rarely been included in comparative studies on union renewal and revitalisation. The paper uses empirical data collected from 2003-2010 to present a case study of SUD-Rail, a breakaway union formed in the French public railway sector in 1996 from an ideological split with one of France's largest union confederations, the Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT). SUD-Rail forms part of a wider set of SUD unions that have emerged since the late-1980s with the stated aim of revitalising French unionism by mobilising new collectivities and energising workplace union structures. This paper analyses the development of this movement over the last fifteen years, its attempts to renew and revitalise collective action and organisation, and explores the wider implications for union renewal in France. The paper argues that the development of SUDRail represents evidence of Hyman's oft-mentioned tension in the identity of unions as both movements and organisations which has wider implications for understanding the possibilities and limitations of union action."

"The literature identifies three key factors that shape attitudes towards immigration: socio-economic uncertainty, ideology and the institutional framework. The aim of this article is to take a closer look at the differences in trade union members' attitudes to immigration and the factors that determine them. We test three hypotheses by addressing three questions. First, what are the differences between the attitudes of trade union members and non-members with regard to immigration? Second, how are attitudes affected by material socio-economic variables? Third, how do different institutional frameworks and contexts affect trade union members' attitudes? We conclude that attitudes can be explained by the interaction between economic and ideological variables. This has important implications for trade union strategies geared towards the integration of migrant workers."

"The prospect of germ-line genetic engineering, the ability to engineer genetic changes that can be passed on to subsequent generations, raises a wide range of moral and public policy questions. One of the most provocative questions is, simply put: Are there moral reasons that can be articulated in general secular terms for accepting human nature as we find it? Or, at least in terms of general secular moral restraints, may we reshape human nature better to meet our own interests, as we define them? This question in turn raises the further question of whether human nature as it now exists has a moral standing akin to sacredness that can be understood in nonreligious terms. This essay will take as a given that it is not possible to show in general secular moral terms that human nature has a sanctity or special moral standing that should guide secular health-care policy. In addition, as this essay shows, it is not possible through appeals to considerations of authorizing consent or beneficence toward others to remedy this failure to establish a sanctity or special moral standing for human nature. Absent a religious or culturally normative understanding of human nature and given the availability of germline genetic engineering, there is a plurality of possibilities for refashioning our nature. The unavailability of substantive secular moral constraints on germ-line genetic engineering discloses a secularly licit plurality of possibilities for human nature. The likelihood that we will be able to refashion our human nature reveals how few general secular moral constraints there are to guide us. Paradoxically, the more we are able to reengineer our human nature, the less guidance is available. The plurality of possible conceptions of human well-being that can be pursued through germ-line genetic engineering challenges our self-understanding as humans. Given human freedom, and in the absence of taken-for-granted religious or cultural moral constraints, the likelihood of germ-line genetic engineering opens the possibility of human nature in the plural."