Documents sleep 14 results

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the direction of shift rotation was related to the need for recovery, fatigue, sleep quality, work-family conflict, and leisure time among three-shift workers. ... A backward rotation schedule was prospectively related to an increased need for recovery [relative risk (RR) 2.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.06-7.81] and poor general health (RR 3.21, 95% CI 1.32-7.83), as compared with a forward rotation schedule. Adjustment for demographic and health variables and the characteristics of the work environment did not alter these relations considerably. Furthermore, a forward rotation schedule was prospectively related to less work-family conflict and better sleep quality over the 32 months of follow-up. Finally, high levels of fatigue, need for recovery, poor sleep quality, poor general health, insufficient leisure time, and work-family conflict at first measurement were associated with an increased risk of leaving shiftwork during the follow-up.Optimization of shiftwork schedules, in terms of shift rotation, seems a promising method for decreasing the negative impact accompanying shiftwork. Future studies should investigate whether these findings for three-shift workers are applicable to other shiftwork schedules as well. Furthermore, this study clearly illustrates the existence of secondary selection processes among shiftworkers and thereby emphasizes the complexity of valid shiftwork research."

"O artigo trata do impacto do trabalho noturno sob o enfoque de gênero, através de trabalho de campo em uma indústria que emprega homens e mulheres no turno noturno. O estudo se baseia em informações sobre os horários de sono por várias semanas, dados sócio-demográficos e relativos ao trabalho profissional e em entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A metodologia considera aspectos cronobiológicos do sono - essencialmente quantitativos - e elementos discursivos dos/as trabalhadores/as sobre suas vivências - masculinas e femininas - da troca do dia pela noite. Em que pese as questões de gênero e diferenças quanto ao cotidiano, a inversão de horários é sentida de forma intensa por homens e mulheres, permeando diversos aspectos da vida, como a saúde, o lazer, os estudos e as relações amorosas. A análise quantitativa do sono revelou efeitos mais prejudiciais do trabalho noturno sobre as mulheres, particularmente as que têm filhos. Tais padrões do sono se articularam com as expectativas que recaem sobre os gêneros, revelando a profunda interrelação entre o trabalho profissional e a vida doméstica como geradoras de impactos à saúde, o que ressalta o caráter essencial das relações de gênero na compreensão da realidade vivida pelos que trabalham em horários não usuais."

Fatigue has been identified as a major risk factor for shiftworkers. However, few organizations or governments currently manage work-related fatigue in any systematic or quantitative manner. This paper outlines an approach to managing fatigue that could improve shiftwork management. Using shift start and finish times as an input, the outlined model quantifies work-related fatigue on the basis of its known determinants; that is shift timing and duration, work history and the biological limits on sleep length at specific times of day. Evaluations suggest that work-related fatigue scores correlate very highly with sleep-onset latency, neurobehavioural impairment and subjective sleepiness. The model is useful in that it allows comparisons to be made between rosters independent of shift length and timing or the total number of work hours. Furthermore, unlike many models of sleepiness and fatigue, individual's sleep times are not required as hours of work are used as the input. It is believed the model provides the potential quantitatively to link the effects of shiftwork to specific organizational health and safety outcomes. This simple approach may be especially critical at a time when many organizations view longer and more flexible hours from their employees as an immediate productivity gain.

"Cet article est une revue critique de la littérature (238 références) portant sur les effets non traumatiques du bruit. Il comporte cinq parties : 1. Bruit et santé : réponses physiologiques au bruit et mécanismes d'action, effets cardiovasculaires, effets hormonaux, effets sur le sommeil. Bruit et stress professionnel. 2. Bruit et sécurité. Effets sur le comportement général : bruit et accidents, communication dans le bruit, effets subjectifs du bruit. 3. Bruit et efficacité. Effets sur la performance : bruit et activités de surveillance, activités complexes à charge mentale élevée, activités cognitives. 4. Mécanismes d'action du bruit : distraction, activation, sélectivité de l'attention, stratégie, surcharge informationnelle, masquage. Remarques conclusives. 5. Bruit et contextes de nuisances combinées : vibrations, chaleur, vibrations et chaleur, chaleur et privation de sommeil. Multinuisances, charge de travail et stress."

"The purpose of this study was to assess sleep quality and comfort of participants diagnosed with low back pain and stiffness following sleep on individually prescribed mattresses based on dominant sleeping positions. Subjects consisted of 27 patients (females, n = 14; males, n = 13; age 44.8 yrs ± SD 14.6, weight 174 lb. ±SD 39.6, height 68.3 in. ± SD 3.7) referred by chiropractic physicians for the study. For the baseline (pretest) data subjects recorded back and shoulder discomfort, sleep quality and comfort by visual analog scales (VAS) for 21 days while sleeping in their own beds. Subsequently, participants' beds were replaced by medium-firm mattresses specifically layered with foam and latex based on the participants' reported prominent sleeping position and they again rated their sleep comfort and quality daily for the following 12 weeks. Analysis yielded significant differences between pre- and post means for all variables and for back pain, we found significant (p < 0.01) differences between the first posttest mean and weeks 4 and weeks 8–12, thus indicating progressive improvement in both back pain and stiffness while sleeping on the new mattresses. Additionally, the number of days per week of experiencing poor sleep and physical discomfort decreased significantly. It was concluded that sleep surfaces are related to sleep discomfort and that is indeed possible to reduce pain and discomfort and to increase sleep quality in those with chronic back pain by replacing mattresses based on sleeping position."

"The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fatigue on the amount of in-flight sleep obtained by airline pilots during long-haul duty periods. A total of 301 pilots collected sleep/wake and work/rest data for a period of at least 2 weeks each. Fatigue likelihood, i.e. low, moderate, high, or extreme, was estimated for each duty period based on a pilot's sleep/wake behaviour prior to duty and the time of day that the duty period occurred. Participants obtained 1.8 h of sleep (i.e. 27% of their rest time) during duty periods with low fatigue likelihood and 3.7 h of sleep (i.e. 54% of their rest time) during duty periods with extreme fatigue likelihood. These results indicate that (i) long-haul pilots obtain substantially more sleep during duty periods when fatigue is likely to be extreme than when fatigue is likely to be low and (ii) long-haul pilots use in-flight napping as a fatigue countermeasure, but more could be done to increase its efficacy."

"The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of work- and sleep-related factors on an objective measure of response time in a field setting. Thirty-five mining operators working 12-h shift patterns completed daily sleep and work diaries, wore activity monitors continuously and completed palm-based psychomotor vigilance tests (palmPVT) at the start and end of each shift. Linear mixed models were used to test the main effects on response time of roster, timing of test, sleep history and prior wake. The time at which the test occurred was a significant predictor of response time (F3,403.4 = 6.72, p < .01) with the end of night shifts being associated with significantly slower response times than the start of night shifts, and the start or end of day shifts. Further, the amount of sleep obtained in the 24 h prior to the test was also a significant predictor of response time (F3,407.0 = 3.05, p < .01). The results suggest that, as expected, the end of night shift is associated with changes in response time indicative of performance impairments. Of more interest however is that immediate sleep history was also predictive of changes in response time with lower amounts of prior sleep related to slower response times. The current data provides further evidence that sleep is a primary mediator of performance, independent of roster pattern."

"Les modes de vie actuels ont entraîné, dans la population générale, des modifications significatives concernant la durée du sommeil, à l'origine d'une dette de sommeil chronique.Le sommeil est une fonction rythmée par trois horloges (biologique, circadienne et sociale) qui se synchronisent par l'intermédiaire du système optique et fait intervenir toute une série d'hormones. L'horloge biologique agit comme un chef d'orchestre pour l'organisme et contrôle de nombreuses fonctions. Une mauvaise synchronisation ou une désynchronisation de cette horloge, notamment lors du travail posté ou de nuit, a des conséquences sur le sommeil et la vigilance, majorant ainsi le risque accidentel. D'autres effets délétères (cardio-vasculaire, digestif, neuropsychique...) sont également fréquemment rapportés. Sur le plan clinique, les insomnies sont les troubles du sommeil les plus souvent rencontrés. Il ne faut toutefois pas oublier la somnolence, l'apnée du sommeil et la narcolepsie.Les salariés travaillant en horaires atypiques bénéficient d'une surveillance médicale renforcée avec une visite médicale tous les 6 mois. Plusieurs outils permettent au médecin du travail d'évaluer l'adaptation aux horaires décalés. Selon les cas, l'avis d'un specialiste du sommeil complètera la prise en charge initiale par le médecin du travail."