Documents Kirkeskov Jensen, Lilli 2 results

"The purpose of this study was to describe possibilities for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among floor layers and to analyze the factors that promote or constrain innovation in prevention. A questionnaire study included 102 floor layers and 180 apprentice floor layers. Questionnaires were used to register musculoskeletal complaints, psychosocial factors, and proposals for prevention. Interviews were carried out of key persons from the trade, selected from the floor layers, employers, and their trade association, with the purpose of getting more knowledge about the barriers to innovation. The results indicate that musculoskeletal disorders are still a great problem in skilled floor layers, and also in apprentices. Primary prevention of work-related knee disorders and accompanying stress requires a reduction in work tasks performed in kneeling positions. Tools that can be used in standing positions for floor laying work tasks are considered useful for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Throughout their training, young apprentice floor layers slowly become socialized into the group, and absorb the same identity, attitude to problem-solving, and use of tools and working methods as the adult floor layers. Deep-rooted habits are very resistant to change. The intensity of the work, time pressures, frequent changes of work locations, and the trade's pattern of working in small firms are also factors that make it difficult to introduce good practice innovations in the floor laying trade. Work-related strain can be decreased in the trade by combining changes in tools, materials, and working methods. It is necessary to include educational training of apprentices and skilled floor layers, and also foremen and employers. Breaking down the barriers to change demands education and instruction by people who know the trade well, who can communicate effectively with the floor layers, and who are accepted by the trade. "(Authors abstract)

"Background.
This study compared floor laying using new working methods involving standing up, to the traditional methods involving working on one's knees.
Methods. The study group, 216 subjects, completed a training class in the use of the new floor-laying methods, and received free tools and advice in their use. The control group, 454 subjects, did not get any training, but were free to use the new methods if they wished. In a 2-year-follow-up the effects were evaluated by questionnaires and by in-depth interviews of industry representatives. Regression analysis was used to control for age, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported stress. The quality of the work and time used to perform it comparing the new methods and the traditional methods was evaluated.
Results. Two years after the training, 38% of participants in the study group used the new working methods weekly or daily compared with 16% of the control group. The risk was at least double for serious knee complaints among floor layers who had not used the new working methods. There were no increased risks for other musculoskeletal complaints involving any other part of the body associated with the use of the new method.
Conclusions. Within a 2-year time period, the introduction of new working methods in the floor-laying trade has succeeded. More efforts are needed to sustain the use of the methods among those workers who have been trained and to introduce the methods to those workers who do not yet use them."