Documents Kaluderovic, Jadranka 2 results

"2023 Labour Force Survey data suggests that there are about 3,000 domestic workers in Montenegro, of whom three-quarters are women, while 55% are employees and 80% are employed outside the care sector. There is no legal definition of domestic workers, but one type of employment contract is for performing household chores; employees with this type of contract have the same status, and enjoy the same benefits, as those with any other kind. According to a 2022 survey, 15.7% of the working population work in businesses but do not have contracts and are not paying social security taxes and contributions, while 10.8% have contracts but pay taxes and contributions only on part of their salary, the remainder being received in cash. Efforts are being made in this direction, but there is a lack of reform aimed at legalising undeclared activities in order to enhance social protection. Measures in response to the dimension of undeclared work should seek to encourage registration by simplifying the process, reducing administrative burdens and offering tax concessions or subsidies for both workers and employers. Additionally, the lack of quality data on domestic workers poses a major challenge to evidence-based policymaking."

"Transition processes in the case of Montenegro were burdened by armed conflictin the surrounding countries, sanctions and inappropriate economic policies. All thiscontributed to a significant decrease in living standards, especially of populationgroups with low levels of education, skills and working performance. In addition,the inflow of Roma, refugees and internally displaced people increased the percentage of the population considered vulnerable. Recent positive economic trendshave had positive implications for living standards and have made possible the mobilisation of resources that could be invested in the reforms of the labour market,education and social systems. Significant steps have been made. However, theimplementation of active measures and decentralisation, as well as systems ofcontrol and monitoring, are still lacking. Social policy is not well targeted; labourmarket measures are not focused on the most vulnerable; and education reform isstill not giving positive results in terms of quality and the fulfilment of the needs ofthe labour market."