"Globalization facilitated the development of international construction. Construction safety issues have become a global problem. International construction projects lead to complexities and difficulties in safety management given the involvement of participants from different countries and regions. This study takes case of Chinese international contractors to explore and evaluate the difficulties of implementing safety practices in international construction projects. Mixed methods include qualitative (i.e., document analysis and structured interview) and quantitative methods (i.e., Delphi survey) were adopted. The most important difficulties of implementing safety practices in international construction projects identified in this study were labor-only subcontracting and complex labor structure, low safety awareness of local workers, high turnover rates of frontline workers, and the failure of Chinese workers who work far from home to adapt to a boring lifestyle in overseas projects. Eliminating these major difficulties can facilitate the implementation of safety practices in international construction projects and further improve safety performance."

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