"This article reports on case studies of eight Swedish-based European Works Councils (EWCs) with a particular focus on impacts and outcomes. Three issues are explored: (1) the benefits of EWCs from both employee and management perspectives; (2) whether the EWCs have evolved as genuine forums for information, consultation and negotiation; and (3) the effects of EWCs on industrial relations systems - specifically whether their evolution signals a unified, convergent mode of industrial relations engagement at the European level. The authors conclude that there are few prospects for convergence or transnational bargaining, and that distinct national practices will persist, not only because of opposition from employers but also, and perhaps surprisingly, because of opposition from union quarters in Scandinavia."

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