Documents Senik, Claudia 9 results

"La France est traversée par un doute d'ordre existentiel sur son modèle social. La promesse d'une société assurant à chacun le droit au bonheur s'éloigne, et les remèdes proposés semblent souvent pires que le mal qu'ils veulent combattre. Tableau d'une société qui s'interroge sur son avenir, ce livre a pour ambition de proposer un diagnostic et d'explorer des pistes de réformes à travers les propositions des plus éminents chercheurs en économie, réunis sous la houlette de Philippe Askenazy, Daniel Cohen et Claudia Senik. Analysant les différentes facettes de la question sociale, l'ouvrage traite des principaux thèmes qui préoccupent l'opinion : les inégalités hommes-femmes, le combat contre les discriminations à l'embauche, la lutte contre l'obésité ou encore la réflexion sur le lien entre libéralisation et croissance ou la réforme de l'État-providence. Cette édition rassemble les contributions de : Hippolyte d'Albis, Bruno Amable, Maya Bacache, Christian Baudelot, Luc Behaghel, Antoine Bozio, Hédi Brahimi, Eve Caroli, Damien Cartron, Martin Chevalier, Brigitte Dormont, Anthony Edo, Fabrice Etilé, Gabrielle Fack, Olivier Godechot, Jérôme Gautié, Michel Gollac, Julien Grenet, Angela Greulich, Malka Guillot, Nicolas Jacquemet, Ivan Ledezma, Mathieu Lefebvre, Dominique Meurs, Marion Monnet, Pierre Pestieau, Grégory Ponthière, Lucile Romanello, Gilles Saint-Paul et Claudia Senik. Économiques : la collection du Cepremap (Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications) qui permet de faire connaître au grand public les travaux les plus avancés de la recherche économique contemporaine."

"Does wealth accumulation impact subjective well-being? Within a country, household wealth has been shown to improve individual well-being by providing a safety net of protection against negative income shocks, by allowing current and expected consumption flows, and by its potential use as a collateral. At the aggregate level, direct evidence about the relationship between national wealth and happiness is almost non-existent, owing to data limitations and statistical identification problems. However, aggregate wealth impacts well-being indirectly, via positive channels, such as institutional quality and improvement in health, life expectancy, and education. Wealth also brings about negative environmental degradations and other damages. The stock of accumulated wealth is also likely to affect happiness indirectly, via its influence on the rate of GDP growth, because both the level of income flows and the rate of income growth have been shown to be factors of higher well-being."

"This paper shows that within-country happiness inequality has fallen in the majority of countries that have experienced positive income growth over the last forty years, in particular in developed countries. This new stylized fact comes as an addition to the Easterlin paradox, which states that the time trend in average happiness is flat during episodes of long-run income growth. This mean-preserving declining spread in happiness comes about via falls in both the share of individuals who declare low and high levels of happiness. Rising income inequality moderates the fall in happiness inequality, and may even reverse it after some point, for example in the US starting in the 1990s. Hence, if raising the income of all does not raise the happiness of all, it will at least harmonize the happiness of all, providing that income inequality does not grow too much. Behind the veil of ignorance, lower happiness inequality would certainly be considered as attractive by risk-averse individuals."

Pertes d'emplois, disparition de services publics et de commerces de proximité, effondrement du prix de l'immobilier, ou encore délitement du lien social : les sources du mal-être dans les territoires sont potentiellement nombreuses. Certains facteurs sont-ils plus déterminants que d'autres ? Dans cette Note du CAE, Yann Algan, Claudia Senik et Clément Malgouyres s'intéressent aux récentes évolutions de l'environnement local des individus et à leurs impacts sur la participation au mouvement des Gilets Jaunes, sur le mal-être déclaré et sur la variation du taux d'abstention lors des élections présidentielles. Ils recommandent de redéfinir les objectifs des politiques territoriales pour accorder plus de place aux critères de bien-être, de privilégier les projets initiés localement plutôt que des politiques centralisées et de favoriser l'accès aux services, qu'ils soient privés ou publics, afin de préserver le lien social dans les territoires."

"We carry out a difference-in-differences analysis of a representative real-time survey conducted as part of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study and show that teleworking had a negative average effect on life satisfaction over the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This average effect hides considerable heterogeneity reflecting genderrole asymmetry: lower life satisfaction is only found for unmarried men and women with school-age children. The negative effect for women with school-age children disappears in 2021, suggesting adaptation to new constraints and/or the adoption of coping strategies."

"We study the impact of work from home (WFH) on subjective well-being during the Covid period, where self-selection of individuals into telework is ruled out, at least part of the time, by stay-at-home orders. We use a difference-in-differences approach with individual fixed effects and identify the specific impact of switching to telecommuting, separately from any other confounding factor. In particular, our identification strategy avoids the influence of interpersonal heterogeneity by exploiting the multiple entries into WFH, by the same individuals, at different times. On average over the period, switching to WFH, especially full-time, worsens mental health. We also find a positive but imprecisely measured impact of part-time WFH on life satisfaction. However, this hides a dynamic evolution, whereby the initial deterioration gives place to an adaptation process after a couple of months. We also uncover a particularly pronounced fall in subjective well-being of women with children, especially in the first months; this could be associated with home-schooling."