Documents geographical variables 15 results

"A map of the relationship between work and health that is truly global - both geographically and in its coverage of the impact of work on the health of individuals, families and societies, has not previously been drawn. This book aims to fill in the map. Drawing from studies done around the world, it critically examines the many ways in which work is affecting health around the world. The first section covers the wide range of risks - physical, chemical, and social - to the health of employees in agricultural, industrial and post-industrial workplaces. Part II provides a detailed analysis of how working conditions can dramatically influence the health and welfare of family members - including children, elderly parents and the disabled - in both the developing and industrial world. Part III examines the relationships between work and health at the societal level by focusing on two examples: the ways in which working conditions affect income inequalities and health, and the ways in which working conditions influence gender inequalities and health."

"For many people, internet access is an essential part of everyday economic, social, and political activities (c.f. Graham and Dutton 2014). Yet access to the internet is, and has always been, geographically concentrated (Graham, Hale, and Stephens 2012, 2011). As such, it is important to focus on the people and places that are largely left out of digital connectivity. This visualisation looks at these in terms of internet penetration (i.e. the share of their population that have “used the Internet (from any location) in the last 12 months” (source: UN 2015)). The map highlights all territories that either have internet penetration below 10%, or for which no data from the World Bank exists. A lack of data can exist for several reasons, for example: some of these territories are statistically grouped together with bigger entities, no data have been collected or inferred, or the territories lack widespread recognised statehood. The map ultimately highlights an archipelago of land whose population is mostly cut off from the internet. This Archipelago of Disconnection has its centre of gravity in Sub-Saharan Africa where 28 countries have internet penetration rates beneath the 10% threshold we applied. As the internet becomes ever more embedded into global economic flows (Malecki and Morisset 2011), to the inhabitation of urban spaces (Graham 2013), and to other facets of everyday life, those living in the Archipelago of Disconnection are largely barred from participating in the cultural, educational, political, and economic activities that it affords."

"There are considerable regional differences when it comes to age composition, as rural areas are ageing more rapidly as a result of age-selective migration. Eras of urbanization and counter-urbanization are also making their mark on migration patterns from a long-term perspective. The current generation approaching retirement age in Sweden is a generation of urbanization, thereby constituting a potential for return migration, especially to some rural regions many people of this generation left decades ago. The aim of this paper is to compare rates of return migration in municipalities in Sweden in order to identify regions where return migration is particularly important, and also to identify which regions are the most attractive for return migration. The empirical study is based on Swedish register data, and the results indicate that the rate of return migration varies considerably between regions; some are more attractive for return migration, yet return migrants might be most significant in the regions that attract few other migrants. Another conclusion is that the regions that lost a greater share of this generation on account of previous migration often fail to attract return migrants."

"An empirical analysis of various waves of the ALLBUS social survey shows that the level and the structure of unionization has become more and more similar in eastern and western Germany in the period 1992 to 2000. The originally high level of union density in eastern Germany has dropped below that of western Germany, and union membership has been falling steadily in both parts of the country since 1992. Repeated cross-sectional analyses indicate that the factors influencing individuals' probability of union membership have converged over time between western and eastern Germany. After an assimilation period of about ten years the same set of variables can be used to explain unionization in post-socialist eastern Germany and in traditionally capitalist western Germany."

"Se venissero rimosse 380mila tonnellate all'anno, occorrerebbero 85 anni per liberare l'Italia dall'amianto. Bastano queste cifre per rendersi conto di come le emergenze collegate alla diffusione dell'asbesto siano tutt'altro che superate a vent'anni dalla legge che lo ha messo al bando. Prima che la legislazione cambiasse, l'Italia era uno dei maggiori consumatori di amianto in Europa. Dal Dopoguerra al 1992 ne ha prodotto 3,7 milioni di tonnellate in forma grezza, utilizzandolo a piene mani tanto nel settore dell'industria quanto in quello abitativo. Il Cnr, ad esempio, segnala che l'amianto-cemento ancora da bonificare ammonta a 32 milioni di tonnellate.

Questi ed altri dati sono contenuti nel 15° Quaderno del ministero della Salute, dedicato allo "Stato dell'arte e prospettive in materia di contrasto alle patologie asbesto-correlate", presentato oggi a Casale Monferrato nel corso di una manifestazione alla quale hanno partecipato diversi ministri e il procuratore della Repubblica di Torino, Raffaele Guariniello.

Il rapporto quantifica in 34mila i siti a "potenziale contaminazione di amianto" esistenti sul territorio; di questi, 373 presentano rischi di priorità 1. Il numero reale è anche superiore, e dovrebbe toccare quota 500, perché mancano ancora le mappature di Calabria e Sicilia, mentre in Piemonte sono censiti in maggioranza i siti che contengono amianto naturale. In base a questa realtà, secondo le stime del ministero, sono circa 680mila i soggetti ancora esposti all'amianto nell'ultimo periodo e che rischiano di contrarre malattie come il mesotelioma, il tumore della pleura che si può contrarre venendo a contatto con l'amianto, capace di restare latente per oltre 40 anni."

"Health statistics reported by large geographic area such as province, state, county or health region offer little insight into disease conditions at the community level where people live and work, where occupational and environmental exposures occur, and where industrial emissions are often concentrated. This study investigated overall patterns of cancer incidence and socioeconomic status (SES) among 14 communities in the province of New Brunswick (Canada). A multivariate ordination technique, hierarchical clustering, and permutation procedures were used to identify and test significance of community clusters and whether the overall pattern of SES was correlated with patterns of cancer among communities. Communities with significantly high or significantly low overall rates of cancers were identified, patterns that were not related to SES. The potential influence of age, small populations, diagnostic screening, smoking and environmental risk factors contributing to locally elevated cancer rates are discussed. Cancer incidence reported at smaller spatial scales provides health officials and researchers with a basis for identifying communities potentially at-risk and aids in the development of appropriate community-based risk reduction actions and cancer prevention."

"Il d.lgs. 81/08 pone tutti gli attori del sistema salute e sicurezza di fronte all'obbligo-opportunità di tener conto delle peculiarità legate al genere, all'età, alle provenienze geografiche e culturali dei destinatari degli interventi di prevenzione.
Il volume mira a fornire indicazioni, riflessioni e informazioni utili all'applicazione in ottica di genere del Testo Unico, compiendo un primo passo verso la redazione futura di Linee Guida focalizzandosi, in questa prima fase, sullo specifico problema dei rischi psicosociali e stress lavoro-correlati."

A l'instar des différents indicateurs qui mesurent le développement (PIB par habitant, degré d'instruction, etc.), il en existe qui évaluent la situation sanitaire. Pour mesurer la charge d'une maladie, la Banque mondiale et l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) ont créé un indicateur, l'AVCI ou nombre d'années de vie corrigée par l'incapacité. L'amélioration générale de la situation sanitaire ne doit pas masquer certains problèmes. Les raisons en sont les carences nutritionnelles et les maladies transmissibles. Remédier à cette situation nécessite la prise en compte des pratiques, des comportements et des représentations des populations, c'est-à-dire de connaître les publics de la santé.