Documents Japan 1 047 results

"We empirically examine the effect of product market deregulation on wages. The difference-in-difference approach is used with wage data from three motor carrier industries (the taxi, bus and trucking industries) in Japan to obtain the following findings. First, deregulations in the 1990s and 2000s caused the relative wages of taxi and bus drivers to decline, but this was not the case for truck drivers. Second, the large decline in the relative wages of taxi drivers can be explained by the deterioration of economic conditions; their wages are more sensitive to labour market conditions than those of drivers in other industries."

"The scope of economic theory expands if we consider that working provides people with both pecuniary compensation for its disutility and job satisfaction. This study empirically analyzes the job satisfaction of employees in Japanese private companies using a multivariate ordered probit model. In particular, we examine the effects of a big economic shock, such as the Lehman shock, on job satisfaction, as well as the effects of differences in gender and employment status. We estimate the model using a Bayesian analysis and a multivariate ordered probit model using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We show that non-pecuniary aspects of jobs play an important role in job satisfaction."

"Employees and ex-employees are less reluctant than previously to bring an employer's decision unfavorable to them such as a dismissal, a disciplinary sanction, a salary cut etc. to an or several alternative services of individual labor dispute resolution or to court. Policy on plurality of alternative services of such dispute resolution conducted by governments from the beginning of 2000's enlarged their choices regarding to individual labor dispute settlement. Considerable improvement of the access to these alternative services is worthy of being highly appreciated while there results are very different from one service to another."

"Les salariés et ex-salariés sont moins réticents qu'auparavant à contester une décision patronale qui leur est défavorable, telle qu'un licenciement, une sanction disciplinaire, une réduction salariale etc., devant un ou plusieurs services alternatifs de résolution des conflits individuels du travail ou même devant les juges. La politique de la pluralité des modes alternatifs de résolution de ce type de conflits menée par les gouvernements depuis le début des années 2000 a élargi leur choix quant au mode de règlement à l'amiable des conflits individuels du travail. Bien que les résultats soient très inégaux d'un service à l'autre, l'amélioration significative de l'accès à ces services mérite d'être soulignée."

"This article first provides a game-theoretic, endogenous view of institutions and then applies the idea to identify the sources of institutional trajectories of economies development in China, Japan, and Korea. It stylises the Malthusian phase of the East Asian economies as a peasant-based economies in which small conjugal families self-managed their working times between farming on small plots—leased or owned—and handcrafting for personal consumption and markets. It then compares institutional arrangements across these economies that sustained otherwise similar economies. It characterises the varied nature of the political states of Qing China, Tokugawa Japan and Yi Korea by focusing on the way agricultural taxes were enforced. It also identifies different patterns of social norms of trust that were institutional complements to, or substitutes for, the political states. Finally, it traces the path-dependent transformations of these state-norm combinations along subsequent transitions to post-Malthusian phases of economic growth in the respective economies."

"The proportion of part-time, dispatch, and temporary workers has increased in many developed economies in recent years. These workers receive lower average wages and benefits, and are subject to lower employment stability. This paper analyzes the effects of initially taking such jobs on the employment careers of young workers. We build an on-and-off-the-job search model, using Japanese data to perform a structural estimation of the model parameters and simulate career paths, in order to study the effects of the initial choice of employment on the probability of having a regular job in the future and on the welfare of the worker. We find that although contingent jobs are neither stepping stones towards regular employment nor dead ends, starting a career in a contingent job has a lasting effect on the welfare of the individual in Japan."