Documents Chile 78 results

"This article focuses on the effects on labour of the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The author makes a brief introductory reference to the origins of international labour law and the new developments in worker protection in times of globalization, highlighting the social clause, among other mechanisms. The social clause in Chapter 18 of the United States-Chile FTA is examined, basically identifying four types of standards: Labour commitments, labour obligations, cooperation, and procedures. Since labour commitments constitute soft law guidelines, their practical efficacy is equivalent to that of a policy statement. On the other hand, a breach of Labour Obligations can result in financial penalties for the offender. However, these Labour Obligations are limited to monitoring the enforcement of each Member State's existing labour laws. The social clause is, therefore, fairly sterile, and the author concludes that the worker protection mechanisms in this type of FTA are in need of reformulation."

"We estimate the union effect on wages in Chile to be between 18 and 24 per cent. We follow a two-stage procedure that allows us to correct the endogeneity of union status and to separate true from spurious dependence, by exploiting the union history of individuals using panel data. We find evidence of comparative-advantage sorting in union status, strong true state dependence and a re-distributional effect of union membership (i.e. wage gains from unionization are larger for lower-wage earners)."

"Les fonds de pensions chiliens ont été critiqués pendant plusieurs années. L'une des principales critiques réside dans les avantages inégaux octroyés selon le sexe. Les femmes ont souffert de faibles pensions en raison de différents facteurs structurels. La réforme de retraite de 2008 prend en compte ce problème et introduit des mesures pour corriger cette inégalité. Ce travail développe ces mesures et analyse leurs fondements à travers la notion de discrimination positive."