Documents young worker 707 results

"Background
Young workers (≤25 years) face a well-documented increased risk of occupational injury, but little is known about their risk for occupational disease or how it compares to older workers, even though similar factors may contribute to both injuries and hazardous exposures.
Objective
The objective of this mixed-methods study was to assess young workers' ability to identify carcinogens and identify factors that may be indicative of a higher risk of occupational cancer.
Methods
We conducted a survey of young workers in Canada and the United Kingdom via Prolific to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours around carcinogenic exposures in the workplace. Participants were asked True/False (T/F) questions on factors affecting hazardous exposures, Likert-scale questions on workplace behaviours, and to identify carcinogens among various hazards. Scores were assigned based on ability to identify carcinogens, median scores were compared across demographics, occupational groupings, and responses. Participants were then recruited to participate in focus groups to discuss questions in further detail.
Results
Median scores were lowest among participants in (1) retail and sales, and (2) agriculture, trades and manufacturing. Regardless of occupation, the ability to identify carcinogens was low. Median carcinogen scores were lower among incorrect T/F responses related to hazardous exposure. Many participants indicated a lack of knowledge regarding workplace hazards or how they may affect their health despite reporting receiving training.
Conclusions
There are knowledge gaps by occupational groups that highlight a need for improvements to the delivery of training to young workers in the primary sector, manufacturing, and retail and sales."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

"Il volume presenta i risultati di un'indagine sui giovani lavoratori mettendo in evidenza i fattori di rischio per la loro salute. La ricerca dimostra che le nuove generazioni, oltre a confrontarsi con le scarse opportunità occupazionali, quando hanno un impiego affrontano condizioni molto difficili sia dal punto di vista fisico che psicologico. Così, troppo spesso, il lavoro non favorisce l'autonomia, l'emancipazione e la promozione sociale ma si traduce in infortuni, patologie e sofferenze, che caratterizzano in modo rilevante le esperienze giovanili.

Il rapporto tra il lavoro e la salute è affrontato da molteplici punti di vista: è descritta l'evoluzione del concetto di salute nel corso del Novecento e fino agli anni recenti; sono analizzati i dati delle statistiche nazionali ed è proposto un confronto internazionale delle politiche di prevenzione. La qualità della vita lavorativa è stata indagata in modo approfondito con un questionario somministrato a mille giovani lavoratori a livello nazionale.

La ricerca vuole fornire spunti di riflessione non solo per comprendere le specificità di una precisa classe generazionale, ma anche per valutare le tendenze dell'epoca contemporanea, che comportano nuove sfide per affermare la dignità dei lavoratori."

"En 2013, l'unique enquête nationale réalisée auprès de 1472 étudiants en médecine a permis de chiffrer les violences qu'ils subiraient durant leurs études : plus de 40 % d'entre eux ont déclaré avoir été confrontés personnellement à des pressions psychologiques, 50 % à des propos sexistes, 25 % à des propos racistes, 9 % à des violences physiques et près de 4% à du harcèlement sexuel. De même, 85,4 % étudiants en soins infirmiers considèrent que la formation est vécue comme violente dans la relation avec les équipes encadrantes en stage.
Pour mieux comprendre cette souffrance, Valérie Auslender lance un appel à témoins en août 2015 et recueille plus d'une centaine de témoignages d'étudiants en profession de santé.
Suite à leur lecture, neuf experts de renom ont proposé des pistes de réflexion : Didier Sicard, professeur émérite à l'université Paris Descartes et président d'honneur du Comité consultatif national d'éthique ; Christophe Dejours, psychiatre, psychanalyste et expert de la souffrance au travail ; Cynthia Fleury-Perkins, philosophe, psychanalyste et professeur à l'American University of Paris ; Céline Lefève, philosophe et maître de conférences en philosophie de la médecine ; Olivier Tarragano, psychiatre, psychanalyste et directeur du Pôle Santé de Sciences Po ; Gilles Lazimi, médecin généraliste et membre de la commission santé du Haut Conseil de l'Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes ; Emmanuelle Godeau, médecin de santé publique, anthropologue et chercheur à l'Inserm ; Bénédicte Lombart, infirmière, cadre de santé et docteure en philosophie pratique et éthique hospitalière ; et Isabelle Ménard, infirmière puéricultrice et formatrice en institut de formation en soins infirmiers. Un document choc pour briser enfin l'omerta."

"Italy's labour market suffers from a serious pathology, in addition to the increasing precariousness of the young workforce common to all EU member countries: flows from regular employment to non-employment are very often dead-ends. A vast number of young individuals who lose their job only a few months or years after their first hire enter the ranks of the long-term unemployed or leave the workforce altogether, never to regain regular employment even after as long as twenty years. Many join the ranks of the irregular economy, many drop out of the labour force. "Workforce disposal" refers to the process generating this pathology. Prolonged stagnation of the Italian economy is an important long run macroeconomic determinant of workforce disposal. But there are several factors that have an important impact in the short and medium run. In this study we set out to investigate such determinants. Workforce disposal is present also in Spain, though to a lesser extent than Italy. Informed media report that similar developments are taking place also in countries of Eastern Europe, although no scientific evidence is yet available. And it would be surprising if the economies of Portugal and Greece were immune from the disease. Our exploration of the Italian case makes use of the WHIP longitudinal database originating from Social Security records."

"The idea that wages are determined by firm and individual characteristics suggests that there is a firm effect that influences wage differentials. This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of gender wage differentials — based on INPS data for people between the ages of 20 and 25 employed in the private sector in 1996 — which takes into account the characteristics of workers and firms using a two-level random-effects model. Firm variables proved to be significant, and the proportion of females in the firm showed a negative effect on the wages of both men and women."

"This paper investigates labour-market performance for 'young people with immigrant backgrounds' and those 'born in Sweden with native-born parents' in the Swedish labour market. It focuses on young people who were aged 18–20 during 1990, and their labour-market status after 8 years, in 1998. The results indicate that young people of immigrant descent have lower annual wage income and are at higher risk of not being employed than those born in Sweden with native-born parents. Differences in human capital characteristics cannot explain these results. Other theories, which stress the effect of discriminatory behaviour and the power of social network composition, are discussed as alternative interpretations. Having one native-born parent is considered to be important to labour market success. However, having a native-born father rather than a native-born mother is associated with better labour-market achievement."

"Le dispositif Emplois-jeunes à l'Education nationale a généré une condition d'emploi nouvelle donnant à voir des évolutions sociales à portée plus générale, en termes de rapports à l'activité et de pratiques d'emploi. Tout d'abord, elle a participé à l'élargissement du champ de l'insertion : les emplois-jeunes de l'Education nationale se sont caractérisés par des niveaux de formation au moins équivalents au bac, et ont dû prendre en charge des activités souvent exigeantes et répondant à des besoins émergents ou mal couverts au sein du système éducatif. Ensuite, la condition d'emploi-jeune dans cette Institution a révélé des évolutions propres à la société salariale moderne, concernant les modes de socialisation professionnelle des jeunes, sinon de l'ensemble des travailleurs. Les emplois-jeunes de l'Education nationale ont dû ainsi faire preuve d'un puissant engagement dans le cours du travail et préparer activement leur avenir professionnel."

"Les évaluations britanniques du New Deal for Young people (NDYP), programme emblématique du Welfare to Work, en font un bilan nuancé. Après un rappel des objectifs et des composantes du programme, l'article passe en revue les concepts, théories et croyances qui ont soutenu l'action du gouvernement en matière d'emploi. Les études d'évaluation et les choix méthodologiques des chercheurs sont détaillés : matching, modélisation de type WS/PS, méthode de différence de différences, estimation par appariement, etc. Les conclusions sont contrastées : le NDYP réduit le chômage de long terme, mais la situation des bénéficiaires restent précaires à la sortie du programme. Il garantit rarement un emploi de qualité et renforce souvent les inégalités sur le marché du travail. Le programme semble impuissant face à la segmentation du marché du travail, son impact macroéconomique reste discutable."