Documents occupational safety and health 1 981 results

"La numérisation et l'automatisation transforment des millions d'emplois dans le monde entier, créant de puissantes opportunités pour améliorer la sécurité et la santé au travail. L'automatisation et les systèmes de surveillance intelligents peuvent réduire les expositions dangereuses, prévenir les blessures et améliorer les conditions de travail en général. Toutefois, ces avancées entraînent également de nouveaux risques potentiels qui nécessitent des réponses politiques proactives et adaptatives. Afin d'exploiter pleinement les avantages de la numérisation pour la SST tout en atténuant les risques,il est essentiel d'adopter une approche participative, proactive et fondée sur des faits. Cela suppose uneimplication active des gouvernements, des employeurs et des travailleurs, mais aussi des professionnelsde la SST et des autres parties prenantes, de façon à garantir que la transformation numérique necompromet pas mais, au contraire, renforce la sécurité et la santé au travail."

ILO Open Access publications

"This book provides for a comprehensive overview of the various areas of European labour law: fundamental rights, free movement of workers and posting, equal treatment, a-typical forms of employment, collective bargaining and collective agreements, restructuring of enterprises and health and safety. The chapters are written by eminent experts from a considerable number of EU Member States. Most of them are written by two authors from different Member States.

As a result of this duo-authorship the book does not approach European labour law from a single country perspective, but intends to give insight in the different ways European labour was s received and implemented in the various Member States.

The book does not only describe the current state of affairs, but also critically assesses how the interaction of EU legislature, Court of Justice, Member States and social partners has contributed to the development of EU labour law. As such, it is not only a comprehensive introduction to European labour law, but provides also food for thought as part of advanced study in this area."

"Artificial intelligence (AI) has long been hailed as a transformative force set to revolutionise various aspects of our lives, including the way we work. Advances in complementary fields such as big data, cloud computing and the internet[1]of-things have seen the emergence of new ways of organising the means of production. Behind these new ecosystems, often referred to using ‘4.0' terms, lies a complex web of intricate technologies, bringing with it a unique set of risks and challenges. This working paper analyses the role of AI in the context of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), with a specific focus on occupational safety and health (OSH) implications. Section 1 situates AI within the framework of I4.0 and provides a brief overview of application-pull and technology-push factors inducing a need for changes. Section 2 delves into ways in which an AI system may unexpectedly fail and discusses trends in AI accidents based on available data. Section 3 explains how the growing convergence of information and operational technology make organisations more vulnerable to cyber-physical attacks, ultimately putting workers' safety at risk. Section 4 provides a critical assessment of the various principles put forward to ensure proper human oversight. Section 5 discusses how the implementation of AI systems may influence workers' autonomy and, in this way, compromise workers' safety and health. Finally, Section 6 describes the poor working conditions of data workers behind AI systems."

"The book provides a collection of cutting-edge, multi-disciplinary research-based chapters on work, workers and the regulation and management of workplace health and safety. Featuring research from Australia, Europe and North America, the chapters traverse important historical examples and place important, emerging contemporary trends, like work in the gig economy, into wider international and historical perspectives. The authors are leading authorities in their fields.

The book contributes to advancing our knowledge – empirical and theoretical – of the ways in which labour market dynamics, management strategies, state regulation and public policy, and union organisation affect outcomes for workers. It features in-depth exploration of, and reflection on, some of the major labour market challenges facing workers, and analysis of strengths and weaknesses of responses to those challenges, whether via management, state regulation or collective employee voice. The chapters highlight shifts in in/equality of outcomes; access to security and flexibility at work; genuine access to workplace voice and decision-making; and the implications of different avenues and mechanisms for regulating work and employment."

"This special Themed Collection of The Economic and Labour Relations Review examines the ‘Economics of Occupational Health and Safety' (OHS). The economics of OHS looks at how economic structures and incentives, including labour markets and production processes, influence the health and wellbeing of workers and the communities where they live. It is a large and diverse subject that has been viewed from multiple different lenses. This thematic issue can only touch on some of these but will remind readers how economic incentives and industrial competitive pressures affect OHS. This editorial will take the form of an article which explores some of these intersections and places them in a wider context. To do this, the economics of OHS will not only be examined in terms of economic welfare and microeconomics at the industry and workplace level, but also from an historical perspective, as well as the intersection of these levels, thus providing a useful framework to shape research and discussion."

"Outlining the economic significance of the role of global supply chains (GSCs) in the organisation of the global economy, this paper initially presents some indications of health and safety outcomes in low- and middle-income counties (LMICs) where GSCs source much of the production destined for use in advanced economies. It goes on to discuss the operational dynamics of these chains and the corporate priorities that they reflect, which, it argues, do little to improve the poor work health and safety (WHS) outcomes in LMICs. It then examines evidence for the effectiveness of various private and public regulatory strategies that are claimed to bring about improved health and safety practices and outcomes among GSC suppliers in these countries. The paper critically evaluates this evidence and argues that, while there may be some examples of effective strategies and regulatory practices in particular contexts, their overall influence remains limited. It identifies and discusses the principal reasons for these limitations and concludes that the global regulation of conditions of labour – including WHS – at the end of GSCs falls well short of universal best practice and is, more generally, insufficient to counter the economic forces working against the maintenance of adequate standards of worker protection."

"This reports has two goals. Firstly, it seeks to establish an overview of proceedings, whether they be actions for failure to fulfil obligations, actions for annulment, or references for a preliminary ruling – before the Court of Justice of the European Union associated with occupational health and safety directives between 1989 and 2022. A total of 173 decisions were selected and analysed. The variables taken into consideration were: the Member States against which the proceeding were brought, the year of the decision, the OSH directive examined and the type of proceedings. Secondly, by spotlighting certain patterns, it will be possible in future to build a litigation strategy for health and safety both by continuing to make references for a preliminary ruling to the Court and by turning decisions already made by the Court to account at national level."

"Industry 5.0 emphasizes human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience as its core characteristics, with a focus on developing socio-technical systems that enhance human health, safety, and well-being while fostering sustainable societal practices. The human-centric perspective places significant importance on human factors and ergonomics, aiming to align technological advancements with the needs and capabilities of individuals. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool for advancing human factors and ergonomics by optimizing workplace conditions and supporting human-centered design principles. This paper conducts a literature review to explore the applications and potential of AI in addressing human factors and ergonomics challenges, providing insights into its role in shaping the future of human-centric systems within Industry 5.0."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).