Documents child labour 130 results

"Modern Slavery and the Governance of Global Value Chains provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the links between Global Value Chains (GVCs) governance, regulation, and vulnerability to severe forms of labour market exploitation by focusing on governance initiatives that seek to induce corporate action to end or mitigate modern slavery. The book brings together chapters by scholars from developed, developing, and emerging economies and from various disciplines to explore the complex relationship between global and local patterns of production and consumption, and severe forms of labour market exploitation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core."

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"This chapter deals with child labour in value chains, whether global value chains (GVCs) or domestic value chains (DVCs). This chapter goes beyond the usual question of the regulation of child labour in value chains to consider the conditions necessary for the elimination of child labour. This chapter is the product of many years of research on this topic by the two authors, sometimes jointly and at times along with other researchers. The empirical base of the analysis in this chapter comprises the various studies carried out by the authors, jointly or separately, of child labour in the garment GVCs in Delhi (Bhaskaran et al., 2010); in the global and DVCs of handicrafts in Jaipur, matches in Sivakasi, stone quarries in Rajasthan, brick kilns in Malda, West Bengal, knitwear and fireworks in Tirupur, Tamil Nadu (Nathan and George, 2012); cotton production in Punjab and Haryana (IHD and Save the Children, 2014); and of gems, lac bangles, and embroidered garments in Jaipur (The Freedom Fund, 2018). One of the authors (Varsha Joshi) led the Child Helpline, which is the key agency in the identification and rescue of child labour in Jaipur, so we were able to use the insights gathered in the course of her work in rescuing child labourers. While the data leading to the chapter's analysis are mainly from Indian cases, the analysis itself is applicable to other, developing countries in the Global South where child labour still exists in serious dimensions. The chapter's policy prescription of combining higher adult earnings at the base of the labour force pyramid with compulsory and quality education is relevant to all developing countries of the Global South.
After this introduction, the next section deals with types of child labour and the implications for different types of interventions. This is followed by a summary of the different types of interventions of both public and private regulation that have been undertaken to eliminate child labour in value chains, both global and domestic. The elimination of child labour involves."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

"Il termine "valano", insieme ai rispettivi geosinonimi "gualano" e "ualano", indica lo stalliere, il bifolco, l'addetto al bestiame che veniva venduto il giorno dell'Assunta di ogni anno in tutte le città del Sud dove fosse presente la consuetudine della compravendita di manodopera pastorale. Consuetudine secolare in base alla quale nella piazza principale del paese annualmente avveniva la pubblica esposizione e la vendita dei "garzoni", ingaggiati come salariati fissi nelle campagne al servizio degli agricoltori più abbienti. I contratti venivano pattuiti oralmente il 15 agosto e l'8 settembre avveniva la consegna dei lavoratori. Si trattava per lo più di ragazzi tra i sette e i tredici anni e giovani che, appartenendo a famiglie numerose di braccianti o di contadini poverissimi, dalle stesse famiglie venivano venduti per il periodo di un anno in cambio di un tozzo di pane e di un giaciglio, per servire da schiavi nei lavori più umili e duri delle campagne, privi di ogni diritto sancito dalle leggi sul lavoro. A Benevento, fino alla fine degli anni '50, questo mercato di carne da lavoro si teneva in Piazza Duomo, addirittura dinanzi all'Ufficio comunale di collocamento. E di quale fosse questa tremenda realtà dà conto il volume che, in assenza di fonti storiografiche e di sufficiente documentazione, è stato realizzato interamente grazie a fonti orali e testimonianze dirette. "

"The paper tests predictions of a traditional intra-household bargaining model which, under reasonable assumptions, shows that lack of bargaining power in the value chain significantly reduces the capacity for obtaining benefits from increased product demand arising from trade liberalization and therefore is positively associated with child labour. Cross-sectional and panel negative binomial estimates in a sample of emerging countries support this hypothesis. They show that proxies of domestic workers' bargaining power in the international division of labour (such as the share of primary product exports) are significantly related to child labour, net of the effect of traditional controls such as parental income, quality of education, international aid, and trade liberalization. The positive impact of the share of primary product exports on child labour outlines a potential paradox. The paradox suggests that trade liberalization does not always have straightforward positive effects on social indicators and that its short-run effects on income distribution and distribution of skills and market power across countries need to be carefully evaluated."