Documents cancer 546 results

"La responsabilité du travail dans l'épidémie de cancers demeure largement sous-estimée, masquée par les campagnes de prévention publique exclusivement centrées sur les comportements dits individuels (tabagisme, etc.). Selon les estimations du dernier plan cancer, 14 000 à 30 000 personnes seraient chaque année victimes d'un cancer lié à leur activité professionnelle. Pourtant, moins de 2 000 d'entre elles obtiennent la reconnaissance de leur pathologie en maladie professionnelle par l'Assurance maladie. En Seine-Saint-Denis, des chercheurs·ses s'engagent dans cette épopée administrative aux côtés de salarié·es contaminé·es ou de leurs proches. Faire reconnaître une pathologie en maladie professionnelle s'apparente à un parcours du combattant. Le droit à réparation apparaît très spécialisé, la procédure est complexe, les échanges avec les caisses primaires d'assurance maladie s'avèrent compliqués, sans compter la réticence des médecins à jouer le rôle que leur confie la loi, et notamment celui de rédiger les certificats médicaux nécessaires à l'accès au droit. La possibilité d'exercer son droit à réparation est enracinée dans l'histoire singulière et collective des conditions de travail et d'emploi des malades. Le Giscop93 fait figure de dispositif exemplaire permettant de documenter et de rendre visible l'impact de ces « poisons industriels » sur la santé des salarié·es, par l'alliance entre chercheurs·ses, médecins, juristes, syndicalistes. À travers cette question de la réparation, c'est celle de la valeur des vies au travail qui est posée."

"Ce sera l'originalité de ce livre. De multiples exemples permettent aux spécialistes de se saisir de la question des conditions de travail, à partir du vécu de terrain. Le livre nous offre un tableau des principaux risques: souffrances psychiques, troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS), progression du travail de nuit, cancers, pollutions... La rage perce: pour les perturbateurs endocriniens et les pesticides, l'alerte date de soixante ans maintenant. Montrant les mensonges et les dissimulations de rapports officiels, l'auteur se soucie des «beaux outils à réparer»: inspection du travail, médecine du travail, comités hygiène sécurité et conditions de travail (CHSCT) et, bien sûr Sécurité sociale. Après les accidents industriels d'AZF (Toulouse) et de Lumizol (Rouen), l'auteur présente les possibilités et les nécessités d'un combat commun entre organisations syndicales et associations de riverains. Il indique les scandales qui pourraient bien éclater à cause des effets des radiations ionisantes cachées aux victimes."

"Objectives
The Seveso accident (1976) caused the contamination with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) in an area north of Milan, Italy. We report the results of the update of mortality and cancer incidence in the exposed population through 2013.
Methods
The study cohort includes subjects living in three contaminated zones with decreasing TCDD soil concentrations (zone A, B and R) and in a surrounding uncontaminated territory (reference). Poisson models stratified/adjusted for gender, age and period were fitted to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs.
Results
In zone A in males, we found elevated mortality from circulatory diseases in the first decade after the accident (17 deaths, RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.23). In females, mortality from diabetes mellitus was increased, with a positive trend across zones. Incidence of soft tissue sarcoma was increased in males in zone R in the first decade (6 cases, RR 2.62, 95% CI 1.01 to 6.83). In females in zone B, there was an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after 30 years (6 cases, RR 2.87, 95% CI 1.14 to 7.23). Multiple myeloma was increased in the second decade in females in zone B (4 cases, RR 5.09, 95% CI 1.82 to 14.2) and in males in zone R (11 cases, RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.26). In males in zone R, there was a leukaemia excess after 30 years (23 cases, RR 2.02, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.93).
Conclusions
Although with different patterns across gender, zone and time, we confirmed previous results of increased cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, soft tissue sarcoma, and lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers."

"Working life is associated with lifestyle, screening uptake, and occupational health risks that may explain differences in cancer onset. To better understand the association between working life and cancer risk, we need to account for the entire employment history.We investigated whether lifetime employment trajectories are associated with cancer risk. We used data from 6809 women and 5716 men, average age 70 years, from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Employment history from age 16 to 65 was collected retrospectively using a life calendar and trajectories were constructed using sequence analysis. Associations between employment trajectories and self-reported cancer were assessed using logistic regression. We identified eight employment trajectories for women and two for men. Among women, the risk of cancer was higher in the trajectories “Mainly full-time to home/family”, “Full-time or home/family to part-time”, “Mainly full-time”, and “Other” compared with the “Mainly home/family” trajectory. Among men, the risk of cancer was lower in the “Mainly self-employment” trajectory compared with “Mainly full-time”. We could show how employment trajectories were associated with cancer risk, underlining the potential of sequence analysis for life course epidemiology. More research is needed to understand these associations and determine if causal relationships exist."

"Background:
Cancer hazard identification is critical to informing decisions on preventive actions. However, the influence of cancer hazard assessments on the creation of health-protective regulations is poorly understood. Although prior studies have measured the health and economic benefits of regulatory actions in general, we are not aware of efforts to explicitly study the influence of cancer hazard identification on policy decisions in the United States.
Objectives:
In this commentary, we present an approach to examine whether formal identification of a substance as a human carcinogen may prompt a regulatory action to reduce exposure to carcinogens and enhance public health. Further, we discuss the broader implications of cancer hazard identification on policy decision-making, including identifying gaps and providing recommendations.
Methods:
Using the Report on Carcinogens (RoC) as a test case, we systematically searched U.S. federal and state databases for notices of regulations mentioning the RoC from 1995 to 2023. For each regulation, we extracted information on the carcinogen(s) regulated, the regulatory agency, the regulatory purpose, the economic sector exposure sources, and the analyzed public health benefits and costs. We created a publicly available, web-based interactive tool to visualize the data.
Discussion:
U.S. regulatory agencies have been using cancer hazard evaluations, such as the RoC, for decades to inform public health policy actions to prevent or mitigate cancer risks. Specifically, nonregulatory cancer hazard assessments have been used to prioritize chemical evaluations, support regulatory-based assessments, and trigger regulatory action. Our approach showed that assessing the influence of cancer hazard identification on science-based public health policies is feasible, informative, and needed, and our study is a first step in this direction. We recommend expanding this approach to other cancer and noncancer hazard assessments to ultimately inform our understanding of the influence of hazard classifications on policymaking."

"The limited representation of women in occupational cancer research studies has been recognised for decades. Unfortunately, this remains true today for many cancer sites and workplace exposures despite the fact that in 2021 women made up 40% of the global workforce, with percentages in some countries much higher. The proportion of women varies by industry sector. For example, in the USA in 2020 women represented 75% of the healthcare sector and 30% of the manufacturing sector. As a result, women may differ from men in both the prevalence and magnitude of workplace exposures ..."

"Background.
In Canada, understanding the demographic and job-related factors influencing the prevalence of new workers and their exposure to potential carcinogens is crucial for improving workplace safety and guiding policy interventions.
Methods.
Logistic regression was performed on the 2017 Labour Force Survey (LFS), to estimate the likelihood of being a new worker based on age, industry, occupation, season, and immigration status. Participants were categorized by sector and occupation using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 Version 1.0 and National Occupational Classification (NOC) system 2016 Version 1.0. Finally, an exposures-per-worker metric was used to highlight the hazardous exposures new workers encounter in their jobs and industries.
Results.
Individuals younger than 25 years had 3.24 times the odds of being new workers compared to those in the 25–39 age group (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 3.18, 3.31). Recent immigrants (less than 10 years in the country) were more likely to be new workers than those with Canadian citizenship (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.41). The total workforce exposures-per-worker metric using CAREX Canada data was 0.56. By occupation, new workers were the most overrepresented in jobs in natural resources and agriculture (20.5% new workers), where they also experienced a high exposures-per-worker metric (1.57).
Conclusions.
Younger workers (under 25 years) and recent immigrants who had arrived 10 or fewer years prior were more likely to be new workers, and were overrepresented in jobs with more frequent hazardous exposures (Construction, Agriculture, and Trades)."

Questa pubblicazione presenta una valutazione critica della principale legislazione europea adottata finora, identificando lacune significative nella colonna portante di questa normativa, la direttiva concernente la protezione dei lavoratori contro gli agenti cancerogeni.
Gli aspetti di questa direttiva che più richiedono attenzione, e devono essere rivisti, sono discussi in ciascuno dei diversi contributi che compongono questo saggio. Il primo e il più importante riguarda i valori limite vincolanti per l'esposizione nei luoghi di lavoro, che devono essere ridefiniti per tutelare le principali situazioni di esposizione. Un altro punto chiave è la necessità di estendere il campo di applicazione della direttiva ad altre sostanze tossiche, tra le quali le più preoccupanti sono quelle che presentano rischi per la riproduzione."

"As treatments have improved, there are more and more people surviving cancer in Europe. While most cancer survivors return to work after treatment, many face long-term symptoms and impairments that can make it difficult for them to do so.
This report provides an overview of the relevant scientific literature, conducted to collect information on existing initiatives, policies and practices on rehabilitation and return to work after cancer and gather examples of successful interventions."

"Background
Despite our knowledge of the causes of cancer, millions of workers are involuntarily exposed to a wide range of known and suspected carcinogens in the workplace. To address this issue from a policy perspective, we developed a policy framework based on a prospective health policy analysis. Use of the framework was demonstrated for developing policies to prevent cancers associated with diesel engine exhaust (DEE), asbestos, and shift work, three occupational carcinogens with global reach and large cancer impact.
Methods
An environmental scan of existing prospective health policy analyses was conducted to select and describe our framework parameters. These parameters were augmented by considerations unique to occupational cancer. Policy-related resources, predominantly from Canada, were used to demonstrate how the framework can be applied to cancers associated with DEE, asbestos, and shift work.
Results
The parameters of the framework were: problem statement, context, jurisdictional evidence, primary prevention policy options, and key policy players and their attributes. Applying the framework to the three selected carcinogens illustrated multiple avenues for primary prevention, including establishing an occupational exposure limit for DEE, banning asbestos, and improving shift schedules. The framework emphasized the need for leadership by employers and government.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first proposal for a comprehensive policy framework dedicated to the primary prevention of occupational cancer. The framework can be adapted and applied by key policy players in Canada and other countries as a guide of what parameters to consider when developing policies to protect workers' health."