Documents return migration 25 results

"Labour mobility and migration have long been a defining feature of the European Union (EU), fostering economic integration, cultural exchange, and social dynamism. Within this complex landscape, return mobility – where EU citizens move back to their home countries after living in another Member State – offers specific opportunities and challenges. Understanding the experiences of returnees is critical for shaping policies that support their reintegration, maximise their contributions to home economies, and address potential disparities in satisfaction and well-being compared to other populations."

"Romanian migration is today one of the largest, complex, and dynamic migration to Western Europe. This paper is a comprehensive review of the existing literature that aims at providing a full picture of this dynamic migratory process and discussing its far-reaching consequences. It first presents and characterizes the Romanian migration through the different phases during and after state socialism. The second part of the paper is dedicated to unfolding the socio-economic effects of the Romanian migration addressing the remitting behavior and its development over the past years. The issue of return migration is also addressed stressing that return is not much developed, however it has significant impacts through the emergence of returnees' entrepreneurship. Finally we address some of the consequences of the medical doctors' migration which is today considered one of the main migration challenges the country is facing."

"In this article, two cases of return migration are analysed, revealing the phenomenon in two different contexts (post-socialist Bulgaria and post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina) with a focus on return policies as regards highly-qualified young people. The time period of the analysis covers the last 25 years, starting with the opening of the borders and the fall of the communist regime in Bulgaria (in 1989) and the end of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (in 1995). A comparative conclusion follows the analysis of each country, while the article also incorporates the views of a sample of returnees. Both countries have made steps towards the creation and adoption of return policies, and have implemented practical activities to attract the return of highly-qualified young emigrants who are recognised as a resource that can meet demographic and economic challenges. The measures are, perhaps, more advanced in Bosnia and Herzegovina (on paper); in both, it is not the adoption of policies that are driving returnees, but the returnees themselves who are driving such adoption. "

"There is wide concern that migration flows may undermine the financial viability of generous welfare arrangements. The discussion focuses on welfare arrangements as attractors of migrants, suggesting that the issue does not pertain to migrant workers. However, this overlooks how welfare arrangements affect return-migration in case of social events like job loss. Importantly, migrants are shown to be self-selected in a way affecting both migration and return-migration. Two migration regimes prevail. In one, with relatively low benefits, unemployed workers return, while in the other some stay. Importantly, the stay or return migration decision is more sensitive to welfare generosity than the migration decision."

"There are considerable regional differences when it comes to age composition, as rural areas are ageing more rapidly as a result of age-selective migration. Eras of urbanization and counter-urbanization are also making their mark on migration patterns from a long-term perspective. The current generation approaching retirement age in Sweden is a generation of urbanization, thereby constituting a potential for return migration, especially to some rural regions many people of this generation left decades ago. The aim of this paper is to compare rates of return migration in municipalities in Sweden in order to identify regions where return migration is particularly important, and also to identify which regions are the most attractive for return migration. The empirical study is based on Swedish register data, and the results indicate that the rate of return migration varies considerably between regions; some are more attractive for return migration, yet return migrants might be most significant in the regions that attract few other migrants. Another conclusion is that the regions that lost a greater share of this generation on account of previous migration often fail to attract return migrants."

"Much discussion can be found in the literature on the determinants of immigrants' decisions to repatriate. Yet, missing is the identification of such determinants where the host country has become a reception country relatively recently. The main objective of this paper is to identify the determinants influencing the decisions of Albanian migrants in Greece to return home. Research is based on quantitative analysis techniques applied to a survey sample of 200 Albanian migrants returning from Greece to Albania. Results indicate that the main determinants driving them back home include the difficulty of integrating into Greek society, racism and failure to find work. Despite certain limitations of the study, the unconventional return migration determinants identified may become key considerations for migration policy makers for many related policy issues in cases where the reception country has a short history of migration."

"This article discusses some recent trends in the area of immigration and social security. Access to social security is rendered more difficult, particularly for irregular immigrants, while the scope of application of the social security system is more closely linked to the national border (retrenchment to the national borders). It is argued that these trends can be attributed to restrictive immigration policies and the implicit rejection of transnational citizenship. These factors also appear to affect the strength of the transnational informal social security networks of which migrant groups are members. The article calls for an alternative strategy for the social protection of irregular migrants based upon respect for human rights, extra-territorial responsibility of migrants and more socially inspired return policies."

"International migration offers individuals and their families the potential to experience immediate and large gains in their incomes, and offers a large number of other positive benefits to the sending communities and countries. However, there are also concerns about potential costs of migration, including concerns about trafficking and human rights, a desire for remittances to be used more effectively, and concerns about externalities from skilled workers being lost. As a result there is increasing interest in policies which can enhance the development benefits of international migration and mitigate these potential costs. We provide a critical review of recent research on the effectiveness of these policies at three stages of the migration process: pre-departure, during migration, and directed towards possible return. The existing evidence base suggests some areas of policy success: bilateral migration agreements for countries whose workers have few other migration options, developing new savings and remittance products that allow migrants more control over how their money is used, and some efforts to provide financial education to migrants and their families. Suggestive evidence together with theory offers support for a number of other policies, such as lowering the cost of remittances, reducing passport costs, offering dual citizenship, and removing exit barriers to migration. Research offers reasons to be cautious about some policies such as enforcing strong rights for migrants like high minimum wages. Nevertheless, we find the evidence base to be weak for many policies, with no reliable research on the impact of most return migration programs, nor for whether countries should be trying to induce communal remitting through matching funds."