Documents migration policy 392 results

"This study, which analyses the key labour market determinants of migration flows from selected Arab Mediterranean Countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and the Occupied Palestinian Territories) finds that employment in AMCs is a major challenge for the region – and for Europe – in the next 10 to 15 years. Immdiate action is needed because the status quo risks causing permanent damage to the development prospects of those countries. The AMCs' public policies are currently ill equipped to face the challenge. Labour migration remains a key feature of the labour markets in these countries – yet cannot by itself solve the labour market challenges there.

The study makes a number of recommendations including: upgrading the statistics available and conducting further in-depth analysis; upgrading education and training systems; mainstreaming the policy goal of job creation and higher productivity; promoting active labour market policies; creating incentives to hire new graduates and women; creating incentives to transform informal into formal employment; and establishing social protection systems guaranteeing universal coverage, with the emphasis on woker rather than job protection. It also recommends that the EU upgrade its existing framework for AMC migration not only as a unilateral strategy, but as a cooperative framework for true co-development."

"It is one of the most pressing and controversial questions of our time -- vehemently debated, steeped in ideology, profoundly divisive. Who should be allowed to immigrate and who not? What are the arguments for and against limiting the numbers? We are supposedly a nation of immigrants, and yet our policies reflect deep anxieties and the quirks of short-term self-interest, with effective legislation snagging on thousand-mile-long security fences and the question of how long and arduous the path to citizenship should be.

In Exodus, Paul Collier, the world-renowned economist and bestselling author of The Bottom Billion, clearly and concisely lays out the effects of encouraging or restricting migration. Drawing on original research and case studies, he explores this volatile issue from three perspectives: that of the migrants themselves, that of the people they leave behind, and that of the host societies where they relocate.

Immigration is a simple economic equation, but its effects are complex. Exodus confirms how crucial it will be that public policy face and address all of its ramifications. Sharply written and brilliantly clarifying, Exodus offers a provocative analysis of an issue that affects us all"

"Labour markets in the European Union are increasingly facing labour shortages. This ZEW Policy Brief argues that immigration from third countries should be increased to alleviate bottlenecks in the supply of workers to the economy. On the one hand, immigration policies should target high-skilled individuals and those trained in shortage occupations and allow them to search for a job from within the EU. On the other hand, low-skilled employees also appear to contribute to mitigating labour shortages. This is because labour shortages are also present in some low-skill occupations, and because additional immigrant workers could “free up” native workers to work in shortage occupations or push natives into better jobs. Therefore, this ZEW policy brief recommends enabling the immigration of such individuals when they have a job offer available. Broader policy measures should be put into place to facilitate the recognition of foreign qualifications."

"The chapter investigates labour shortages, skills needs and mismatches by examining skills and qualifications and their use in the labour market so as to assess the position of post-2014 migrants, refugees, asylum seekers in the workforce and identify barriers and enablers for their labour market integration.

The chapter also explores the position of post-2014 migrants, refugees, asylum seekers in the workforce for seven countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, Finland, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) to build a comprehensive assessment of labour market barriers and enablers. The chapter presents cross-national comparative research at two levels. At the first level, it focuses on the characteristics (skills and qualifications) of post-2014 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in each country under investigation, in order to evaluate the integration progress and determine the drivers behind unemployment and inactivity. At the second level, the chapter focuses on specific features of each country, including: productive structure, employment composition by sector of economic activity, occupations and skills, labour flows, unemployment rates, level of skills as well as the overall macroeconomic situation."

"This chapter discusses the role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in the labour market integration of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers (MRAs) in the selected countries addressed by the book. It examines the positions of CSOs and their perception by newcomers. Our findings suggest that CSOs can work as important actors enhancing not only integration into the labour market but also integration through the labour market. However, such a capacity is unevenly spatially distributed, Moreover, CSOs either individually or collectively, frequently raise the problematic situation of illegal practices on the part of employers, exploitation, human trafficking or underpaid wages. Furthermore, CSOs help to mitigate and, often together with MRAs, struggle against the hostile context of a widespread atmosphere of xenophobia. Although we conclude the CSOs primarily work as enablers of the MRAs' integration in the labour market, our critical analysis also suggests that CSOs can in some nuanced ways hinder the labour market integration. Last but not least, we focus our attention on the enablers facilitating or barriers hindering the migration-related initiatives of CSOs and therefore on the process indirectly influencing MRAs' labour market integration."

"Climate mobility as a global issue needs strategic thinking about how people adapt, and the role mobility can play in alleviating the adverse effects of climate change.

This Discussion Paper analyses what the EU is doing to deal with climate mobility. It addresses the complicated relationship between climate change, mobilities, and related challenges in modelling and projecting future scenarios. It also shows the multilateral policy developments relating to climate and migration and the EU's actions on climate mobility, with a focus on two interrelated challenges:

1. Policy (in)coherence and counterproductive narratives.
2. Weak institutional coordination.

The EU's funding landscape is also addressed, focusing on the challenges of mainstreaming and monitoring when assessing the funds dedicated to this cause. It concludes with recommendations on impacts, multilateral engagement, policy, and funding, which outline practical steps to be taken in the short and long-term."

"The Atlas of Migration is a reference tool. It provides the latest harmonised and validated data on migration for the 27 EU Member States and for 171 countries and territories around the world. The Atlas offers a comprehensive overview of migration trends globally. It brings together data from various reliable sources such as Eurostat, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission, the World Bank and many others. The 2023 edition of the Atlas features a thematic chapter on solidarity trends towards all people displaced from Ukraine, examining public support trends for individuals affected by Russia's war of aggression."

"After a significant drop in the number of international migrants in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international migration bounced back in 2021 and available data suggests that it continued to grow in 2022. The number of refugees in the world has grown by more than 6 million in the last two years. According to UNHCR, there were 26.4 million refugees at the end of 2020, 27.1 million at the end of 2021 and 32.5 million as of mid-2022.1 In the European Union (EU), the number of refugees more than doubled between 2020 and 2022, passing from 2.7 million to 6.7 million. This figure includes the approximately 3.7 million people displaced from Ukraine. As of mid-2022, the EU Member States hosted 21% of the world's refugees (against 10% in 2020). After a drop in the number of residence permits issued in the EU from 2019 to 2020, the number increased in 2021 despite the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. Almost 3 million residence permits were issued by the EU Member States to non-EU citizens in 2021.2 Of these, 30% were issued to Ukrainian citizens. In 2021, the number of residence permits issued for work-related reasons hit a record high (1.3 million). In 2021, 45 % of all first residence permits were issued for work reasons. The Atlas of Migration illustrates these and other harmonised and validated data on migration by country, continent and sub-continental region. By making global migration data easy to understand, the Atlas of Migration guides policymakers, researchers and the general public through the complexities of international migration. The 2022 edition includes a thematic section that provides new insights on the displacement from Ukraine following Russia's aggression. It quantifies the level of displacement, and explores the distribution of people fleeing the war in Ukraine across the EU Member States, together with their age, gender, nationality and trends over time."

"The worldwide expansion of digital labour platforms has a transformative impact on labour markets, reconfiguring employment relations and labour management both on a local and global scale. Lately, the growing literature on digital labour platforms is increasingly documenting how platform workers around the world are to a great extent migrants. Our article draws on data from empirical research on digital platforms providing housecleaning in Denmark, to emphasise how the intersection of migrant work, digital technologies, labour market regulations and migration law exacerbate inequalities and institutionalise precarious working conditions. We analyse platform housecleaning in Denmark through the lens of the “institutionalisation of precarity” and “Autonomy of Migration” concepts, to highlight that it is a phenomenon simultaneously co-constructed by migrants' agency and structural factors. We conclude that critical studies on platform labour and future research should engage deeper with the intersecting realities (legal, social, gendered etc.) that shape migrant workers' precarious lives, and migrants' own strategies to navigate the shortcomings of exclusive and hostile labour market environments."