Documents physiology 12 results

"BACKGROUND:
Firefighters regularly re-enter fire scenes during long duration emergency events with limited rest between work bouts. It is unclear whether this practice is impacting on the safety of firefighters.
OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the effects of multiple work bouts on firefighter physiology, strength, and cognitive performance when working in the heat.
METHODS:
Seventy-seven urban firefighters completed two 20-minute simulated search and rescue tasks in a heat chamber (105?±?5°C), separated by a 10-minute passive recovery. Core and skin temperature, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS), grip strength, and cognitive changes between simulations were evaluated.
RESULTS:
Significant increases in core temperature and perceptual responses along with declines in strength were observed following the second simulation. No differences for other measures were observed.
CONCLUSIONS:
A significant increase in thermal strain was observed when firefighters re-entered a hot working environment. We recommend that longer recovery periods or active cooling methods be employed prior to re-entry."

"Using the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) 2008, I investigate how looks affect an individual's labor supply decision. My results are, by and large, in line with predictions derived from the neoclassical model of labor supply. Applying regular probit, bivariate probit, Tobit and Heckman selection regression models, I find that good looks go hand in hand with higher employment probabilities and more hours of market work. Furthermore, physical attractiveness is positively associated with spousal income and spousal employment. Hence, beauty appears to affect labor supply decisions both directly and through the marriage market."

"Older experienced firefighters may show signs of heat adaptation, and thus reduced physiological strain, due to repeated occupational heat stress exposure. The aim was to examine physiological and perceptual strain, and hydration, responses to intermittent exercise in the heat in 12 older Non-Firefighter (Non-FF) and experienced Firefighter (FF) males, pair matched for age (Group mean ± SE: Non-FF = 51.7 ± 1.5, FF = 49.8 ± 1.1 years), VO(2peak) (Non-FF = 39.4 ± 2.2, FF = 40.7 ± 1.8 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)), body surface area (Non-FF = 1.94 ± 0.04, FF = 2.03 ± 0.03 m(2)), and percent body fat (Non-FF = 24.4 ± 2.3, FF = 19.3 ± 1.8%). Rectal (Tre) and mean skin (MT(sk)) temperatures, heart rate (HR), local sweat rate (LSR), hydration indices, and ratings of thermal sensation and perceived exertion were measured during 4 ×15-min (rest 15-min) moderate-to-heavy cycling bouts (400 W heat production) in Dry and Humid heat (35°C, ?20 and ?60% relative humidity, respectively). No differences were observed between the Non-FF and FF for T(re), T(re) change, MT(sk), HR,% max HR, LSR, physiological strain index (PhSI), or % plasma volume change. Plasma protein concentration was reduced at baseline for the Non-FF (7.6 ± 0.1 g·100 mL(-1)) than FF (8.0 ± 0.1 g·100 mL(-1)). The Perceptual Strain Index overestimated PhSI for Non-FF and FF in both thermal conditions. At the end of exercise, the Non-FF showed a greater Tre difference between thermal conditions (0.27 ± 0.05°C) compared to the FF (0.10 ± 0.09°C). Although the Non-Firefighters and Firefighters demonstrate similar cardiovascular and hydration responses during moderate-to-heavy intensity exercise within each of the thermal conditions, the attenuated thermal effects between the two heat stress conditions in the Firefighters suggests a protective adaptation."

"Les allergies professionnelles comptent parmi les maladies professionnelles les plus fréquentes, car nombre de substances et d'organismes sensibilisants sont présents en milieu de travail. Souvent sous-estimées, ces pathologies peuvent pourtant devenir très invalidantes et conduire à des réorientations professionnelles. Ce dossier propose un état des lieux des connaissances sur la fréquence de ces pathologies dans le monde du travail et sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques mis en jeu. Il présente également différents axes de prévention des risques : des tests permettant de prédire le pouvoir sensibilisant cutané des produits chimiques, des méthodes de mesure des allergènes dans l'air des lieux de travail ainsi qu'un exemple de méthode d'évaluation de l'émissivité de machines en poussières de farine.Il se compose de 5 articles :- Quelques données épidémiologiques sur les allergies professionnelles- Les manifestations et mécanismes des allergies professionnelles- Des tests pour prédire le pouvoir sensibilisant cutané des produits chimiques- Mesurer les allergènes fongiques dans l'air des lieux de travail- Une méthode d'évaluation de l'émissivité des machines en poussières de farine."

"Objectives: To study the relationship between history of child and adolescent labor, and age at beginning of work to height in the adult age, taken into the analysis socioeconomic variables and skin color. Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional study carried out with a random one-stage area cluster sample of all households from the city of Aracaju, the capital of Sergipe state, northeast Brazil. The study population comprises 3,262 individuals from 18 to 65 years of age, paid or unpaid workers. Data was obtained in individual household interviews based on questionnaires. Child labor was defined as any paid job under 14 years of age. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between child and adolescent labor history and age of work onset to height."

"In this timely and perceptive volume from The Gender Lens series, Judith Lorber considers the interface between gender as a social institution on one hand and Western medicine as a social institution on the other. Focusing on illnesses considered to be physical, Lorber brings a feminist viewpoint to analyze issues of power and politics, which have pervaded the study of both gender and medicine in recent times. Like many of its counterparts in The Gender Lens series, this brief book is an ideal supplemental reading for a number of courses, including but by no means limited to medical sociology, medical anthropology, and the history of medicine."

"Sommaire : La motricité, Postures et mouvements, Dépense énergétique chez l'homme, Besoin énergétiques de l'homme au travail, Adaptations respiratoires et circulatoires du travail musculaire, Régulations végétatives neuro-endocriniennes - L'adaptation, l'agression, Ambiances thermiques, Vie et travail dans les climats chauds, Vie et travail dans les climats froids, Vie travail et altitude, Travail en hyperbarie, Effets des vibrations sur l'homme, Effets physiologiques des accélérations, Eléments de psychophysique acoustique, Audition et effets du bruit sur l'organisme, Vision et éclairage, Travail et prise d'information, Rythmes circadiens - Sommeil veille et travail, Vigilance et travail monotone, Eléments de méthologie ergonomique, Travail et vieillissement, Physiologie du travail et législation."