Documents constitution 49 results

"Constitutions tend to be more than symbols; in the case of fundamental rights, they also have to provide the legal means for the balancing of conflicting interests. In Community law, it is up to the European Court of Justice to outline and define certain social rights, as a result of its role in protecting the fundamental freedoms, and even in the absence of a binding constitution or binding charter of human rights in Community law. This has become patent in recent years – and this is where the question of compatibility and equivalence of Community social rights and national social rights arises. The following paper will try to give an idea of the questions to be faced from a German comparatist's perspective."

"La Turquie est partie aux Conventions de l'OIT concernant les libertés syndicales (Conventions n° 87, 98, 151 et 135). Le droit syndical est constitutionnellement reconnu et réglementé par une législation plutôt élaborée, assortie de garanties contre les discriminations lors de l'embauche, pendant la durée de l'emploi et le licenciement. Toutefois, la mise en œuvre de ces garanties est aléatoire et se heurte aux difficultés de preuve et aux longueurs de la procédure judiciaire, aboutissant parfois à une sanction qui n'est pas assez dissuasive. Tenant compte de la conjoncture actuelle marquée par une crise économique et un taux élevé de chômage, de même qu'une inadéquation de certains syndicats à s'adapter aux réalités actuelles, la liberté syndicale et ses garanties juridiques se trouvent affaiblies devant les faits.

Turkey is party to ILO Conventions no. 87, 98, 151 and 135 on the freedom of association. The freedom to organize and join trade unions is protected by the Constitution and a detailed set of guarantees has been provided by the legislation, with guarantees while recruiting, during employment and concerning termination of employment. However, the effective application of these guarantees meets obstacles, especially in the proof of the discrimination, and due to the length of judicial proceedings, infringements eventually result with a legal sanction that is far from being deterring. Within a situation of economic crisis and unemployment, and also due to inabilities of some trade unions to adapt themselves to new issues, it is difficult to say that in actual facts « all necessary and appropriate measures ensure that workers and employers exercise freely the right to organize »."

"Scotland is holding a referendum on independence in 2014, which implies that the Scottish government would become responsible for migration policy in the event of a ‘Yes' vote. Control over labour migration could be a vital policy tool for the Scottish government, influencing long-run economic growth rates and demographic change. This paper explores migration policy in the context of alternative constitutional outcomes for Scotland. It asks what scope a small economy that is intimately linked to a neighbouring larger economy has in shaping immigration policy. It finds that the level of international migration to Scotland is relatively low and that there are some significant differences in migrant characteristics compared to the rest of the UK (RUK). It also considers the political economy aspects of labour immigration through analysis of recent survey data. Whatever the outcome of the referendum, we would argue that Scotland would benefit from a more nuanced approach to immigration policies rather than the current ‘one size fits all' UK-wide model."

"The article analyses the possible introduction of an unemployment subsidy at European level. The first section describes the constitutional background at three different levels: first, the role played by social rights; second, how the Italian Constitution outlines protection against unemployment; third, the tricky relation among national and supranational law sources. The analysis goes further considering some thorny aspects of the European Unemployment Benefit Scheme (EUBS) through the labour law lenses: its link with social safety nets; the risk that the new European insurance might ensure low protection standards; and above all the inevitable link of the EUBS with the minimum wage issue. The final remarks regard the risk that the EUBS could produce positive effects for people only following greater integration at political and economic level."