Documents air pollution 80 results

"This criteria document on particles in ambient air has been prepared at the Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, at the request of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Although each chapter has main authors, the work has been a joint effort, and all conclusions and recommendations have been thoroughly discussed by the group. Besides the authors, the group included Carl-Elis Boström and Titus Kyrklund from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Furthermore, a draft of the document was discussed with a reference group including Bertil Forsberg, Hans-Christen Hansson, Thomas Sandström, and Katarina Victorin. The main focus of the document is on effects other than cancer since particles in the ambient air were recently evaluated as a risk factor for cancer by the Institute of Environmental Medicine. In general, literature published through 1998 is reviewed, with occasional inclusion of important work published thereafter. However, the chapter on epidemiologic studies was prepared earlier and primarily relates to reports published through 1997."

"This study is about the effects of air pollution on health, notably COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc in many areas of the world. The infection spreads through person-to-person contact. Transmission and prognosis, once infected, are potentially influenced by many factors, including air pollution. Studies have suggested that air pollution increases the incidence and the severity of the disease. However, the current data are too limited to be certain. Especially the quantitative contribution of air pollution to the disease is still very uncertain."

"In the absence of first-best climate policy, we demonstrate that existing government institutions and policy established for reasons unrelated to climate change may induce climate adaptation. We examine the impact of temperature on ambient ozone concentration in the United States from 1980-2013, and the role of institution-induced adaptation. Ozone is formed under warm temperatures, and regulated by the Clean Air Act institution. Adaptation in counties out of attainment with air quality standards is 107 percent larger than under attainment, implying substantial institution-induced adaptation. Furthermore, local beliefs about climate change appear to reinforce adaptive behavior, suggesting a nontrivial role in second-best climate policy."

"People are exposed throughout life to a wide range of environmental and occupational pollutants from different sources at home, in the workplace or in the general environment - exposures that normally cannot be directly controlled by the individual. Several chemicals, metals, dusts, fibres, and occupations have been established to be causally associated with an increased risk of specific cancers, such as cancers of the lung, skin and urinary bladder, and mesothelioma. Significant amounts of air pollutants - mainly from road transport and industry - continue to be emitted in the European Union (EU); an increased occurrence of lung cancer has been attributed to air pollution even in areas below the EU limits for daily air pollution. Additionally, a wide range of pesticides as well as industrial and household chemicals may lead to widespread human exposure, mainly through food and water. For most environmental pollutants, the most effective measures are regulations and community actions aimed at reducing and eliminating the exposures. Thus, it is imperative to raise awareness about environmental and occupational carcinogens in order to motivate individuals to be proactive in advocating protection and supporting initiatives aimed at reducing pollution. Regulations are not homogeneous across EU countries, and protective measures in the workplace are not used consistently by all workers all the time; compliance with regulations needs to be continuously monitored and enforced. Therefore, the recommendation on Environment and Occupation of the 4th edition of the European Code against Cancer, focusing on what individuals can do to reduce their cancer risk, reads: "In the workplace, protect yourself against cancer-causing substances by following health and safety instructions.""

"While access to electricity affects health positively, combustion of coal in power plants causes well-documented adverse health effects. We review respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive, and neurologic health outcomes associated with exposure to coal-fired power plant emissions. We also discuss population-level health effects of coal combustion and its role in climate change. Our review of scientific studies suggests that those we present here can be used to inform energy policy."