Documents Magnavita, Nicola 8 results

"Organizational justice is a construct defining the quality of social interaction at work. Organizational justice can be divided into three categories: procedural justice (fairness of the decision-making procedures), distributive justice (fairness of outcomes) and relational justice (equity and fairness in the interpersonal treatment of employees by their supervisors). Organizational justice is related to employees' health and well-being. Low perceived justice has been shown to be associated with experienced stress reactions and related physiological and behavioral reactions, such as inflammation, sleeping problems, cardiovascular regulation and cognitive impairments, and with a high rate of work absenteeism. This paper is a review of the literature on organizational justice and its impact on workers' health. "

"Lo studio, commissionato da ISPESL, ha avuto l'obiettivo di verificare ad oggi i progressi in campo della prevenzione del rischio per la salute nel lavoro interinale. L'intento fondamentale della direttiva 91/383/CEE, e delle normative nazionali di recepimento, è quello di garantire ai lavoratori temporanei (in questo caso i lavoratori interinali), lo stesso livello di protezione assicurato ai dipendenti dell'impresa utilizzatrice, per quanto concerne la tutela salute e la sicurezza impedendo ogni sorta di discriminazione di tutela per gli stessi; il fine comune è dunque quello di tutelare, nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea, il diritto alla salute dei lavoratori internali, individuati come i soggetti più vulnerabili di questo rapporto di lavoro. ..."

"This study aimed to find out which countries around the world require psychosocial hazards and workplace violence to be assessed by employers through a mandatory occupational risk assessment process and to compare the type of legislation between countries. We systematically searched the International Labour Office (ILO) “LEGOSH” database for documents published during the period between December 2017 and February 2018. The search included 132 countries, of which 23 were considered as developed and 109 as developing according to the United Nations. Our review showed that most countries (85, i.e., 64%) have not included mandatory psychosocial risk assessment and prevention in their national occupational safety and health legislation. Moreover, we found differences between developed and developing countries, showing that developed countries more frequently have legislative measures. Within developed countries, we also found differences between countries following the Scandinavian model of workplace health and safety culture and other countries. Moreover, in many countries, workplace violence was prohibited only if it involves an offence to moral or religious customs. In conclusion, the marked difference in psychosocial hazards and workplace violence regulations among countries leads to unequal levels of workers' protection, with adverse effects on global health."

"Telecommuting is a flexible form of work that has progressively spread over the last 40 years and which has been strongly encouraged by the measures to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. There is still limited evidence on the effects it has on workers' health. In this survey we invited 905 workers of companies that made a limited use of telecommuting to fill out a questionnaire to evaluate intrusive leadership of managers (IL), the request for work outside traditional hours (OFF-TAJD), workaholism (Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS)), effort/reward imbalance (ERI), happiness, and common mental issues (CMIs), anxiety and depression, assessed by the Goldberg scale (GADS). The interaction between these variables has been studied by structural equation modeling (SEM). Intrusive leadership and working after hours were significantly associated with occupational stress. Workaholism is a relevant moderator of this interaction: intrusive leadership significantly increased the stress of workaholic workers. Intrusive leadership and overtime work were associated with reduced happiness, anxiety, and depression. These results indicate the need to guarantee the right to disconnect to limit the effect of the OFF-TAJD. In addition to this, companies should implement policies to prevent intrusive leadership and workaholism."

"Despite the advent of modern technologies, biological risks still cause concern in workplaces.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to a wide range of occupational risks including biological and psychosocial ones. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs experienced unprecedented levels of distress, especially due to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 contagion and the fear of spreading the virus in the work and social community. This emotional overload led to an increase in mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, and burnout) that can hinder patients' safety and the quality of care. After outlining the international safety regulation on biological risks, we discussed the interplay between biohazard and psychosocial risk, focusing on how to prevent occupational infections in healthcare using comprehensive action strategies that aim to ensure a healthy work environment to improve, protect, and promote the health and safety of all workers."

"Background and Objectives:
Covid-19 is a multi-organ disease that can cause a wide range of persistent symptoms following the initial acute infection. The health status of the workforce was examined as part of a health promotion program integrated into workplace medical surveillance.
Methods:
In order to determine the prevalence of infection, stress, mental health issues, sleep problems, and work ability, 1378 workers exposed to occupational risks in the health and other sectors conducted a medical examination in addition to a questionnaire.
Results:
In 2020 and 2021, 164 employees (or 11.6%) contracted Covid-19. Compared to other occupational sectors (7.4%), the frequency was higher among hospital employees (15%). 4 weeks after the infection had ended, 86% of the workers said that some symptoms were still present. The infected employees exhibited similar levels of occupational stress and anxiety as the other employees, but they slept less soundly (p 0.05). In comparison to healthy respondents, Post-Covid workers showed lower levels of sleep quality, and higher levels of fatigue, anxiety, and depression (p 0.001). 1.3% of individuals stated that infections caused exacerbations of pre-existing diseases. These workers had a considerably lower working capacity (p<0.001) than other workers, in addition to the characteristics mentioned above.
Conclusions:
As of December 13th, 2022, 654 million people worldwide have been infected with COVID-19 (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/). Assuming a conservative estimate of 6.2% survivors who experience persistent symptoms, long-term effects of COVID-19 could have an impact on almost 40,500,000 people. It has been noted that long-term impacts could compound exponentially if this virus continues to spread among humans. Post-Covid employees need specialized disability management care."

"This viewpoint emphasizes the growing significance of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in improving health and comfort in indoor environments, a crucial concern given that individuals spend approximately 90% of their time indoors. It conducts a comprehensive review of IAQ, highlighting its profound impact on overall health and quality of life, often exceeding outdoor environmental pollution. Our paper identifies various risks associated with IAQ, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with chronic health conditions. It details the dual nature of indoor pollutants—external sources like traffic, heating and cooling of buildings, industrial emissions, and internal sources including combustion for food preparation and heating, building materials and furnishing, paints, cleaning products materials, and human activities. These pollutants, ranging from very volatile organic-VVOC, volatile-VOC, semi-volatile organic-SVOC compounds, particulate matter-PM10, PM2.5, and biological entities, necessitate extensive interdisciplinary research. The viewpoint discusses the severe implications of IAQ, especially in developing countries, where it contributes significantly to the global disease burden. It introduces the concept of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), expanding the focus from just air quality to encompass lighting, acoustics, thermal comfort, and water quality. This holistic approach to IEQ is vital for ensuring health and well-being in indoor spaces.
Furthermore, the paper explores the interconnection between IAQ and global health crises, such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining good IAQ and visual and thermal comfort in workplaces. These factors are linked to improved health, productivity, and sustainable practices.
The role of occupational stakeholders, employers, and medical professionals in creating a healthy work environment is critically examined. We argue for their collaboration in promoting health initiatives, ergonomic designs, and effective health surveillance. This collective approach aims to address the complexities of modern workplaces, fostering a healthier, more productive, and sustainable workforce
"

"This viewpoint delves into the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in occupational medicine, highlighting its profound impact on preventive healthcare. AI's integration into various aspects of occupational health is reshaping diagnostics, risk assessment, and healthcare administration. The paper emphasizes AI's learning, planning, reasoning, and problem-solving capabilities, which are pivotal in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for conditions like occupational tumor detection and longterm health effects from exposure to low-level hazards of chemicals. AI may be valuable for monitoring workplace health and safety, employing predictive analytics for early risk detection, and preventing occupational injuries and work-related diseases. In this viewpoint, the authors explore AI's role in managing health data through natural language processing, aiding physicians in clinical documentation and patient communication. It is needed to address ethical challenges related to AI implementation in the healthcare sector and occupational health practice, such as data protection and decision-making accountability. In conclusion, AI may expand worker training and health literacy scope, demonstrating its comprehensive utility in fostering a safer, healthier, and more informed workforce in occupational health settings"