Documents econometrics 28 results

"Nowadays applied work in business and economics requires a solid understanding of econometric methods to support decision-making. Combining a solid exposition of econometric methods with an application-oriented approach, this rigorous textbook provides students with a working understanding and hands-on experience of current econometrics. Taking a 'learning by doing' approach, it covers basic econometric methods (statistics, simple and multiple regression, nonlinear regression, maximum likelihood, and generalized method of moments), and addresses the creative process of model building with due attention to diagnostic testing and model improvement. Its last part is devoted to two major application areas: the econometrics of choice data (logit and probit, multinomial and ordered choice, truncated and censored data, and duration data) and the econometrics of time series data (univariate time series, trends, volatility, vector autoregressions, and a brief discussion of SUR models, panel data, and simultaneous equations). * Real-world text examples and practical exercise questions stimulate active learning and show how econometrics can solve practical questions in modern business and economic management. * Focuses on the core of econometrics, regression, and covers two major advanced topics, choice data with applications in marketing and micro-economics, and time series data with applications in finance and macro-economics. * Learning-support features include concise, manageable sections of text, frequent cross-references to related and background material, summaries, computational schemes, keyword lists, suggested further reading, exercise sets, and online data sets and solutions. * Derivations and theory exercises are clearly marked for students in advanced courses. This textbook is perfect for advanced undergraduate students, new graduate students, and applied researchers in econometrics, business, and economics, and for researchers in other fields that draw on modern applied econometrics."

"The 2021–2023 surge in inflation rates witnessed across many advanced economies reignited concerns about demand-driven inflationary pressures derived from wage growth. Historically, wage demands and demand-driven inflationary pressures have been channelled through organised labour, which wielded greater institutional power than it does today. This article revisits the link between industrial relations and inflation, employing a political-economy lens that views inflation as the product of political and distributive conflicts between capital and labour. Employing a variety of econometric techniques on a panel of OECD economies, the study finds that although historically there has been a positive relationship between strong industrial relations and inflation, this association has weakened progressively, becoming statistically insignificant in recent decades. This indicates that, in advanced capitalist economies, the activities of organised labour are no longer as closely linked to inflation rates as they were in the 1970s."

"Gender equality is a core development objective in its own right and also smart development policy and business practice. No society can develop sustainably without giving men and women equal power to shape their own lives and contribute to their families, communities, and countries. And yet, critical gender gaps continue to exist in all countries and across multiple dimensions. The gender module of the World Bank's ADePT software platform produces a comprehensive set of tables and graphs using household surveys to help diagnose and analyze the prevailing gender inequalities at the country level and over time. This book provides a step-by-step guide to the use of the ADePT software and an introduction to its basic economic concepts and econometric methods. The module is organized around the framework proposed by the World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development. It covers gender differences in outcomes in three primary dimensions of gender equality: human capital (or endowments), economic opportunities, and voice and agency. Particular focus is given to the analysis and decomposition techniques that allow for further exploring of gender gaps in economic opportunities."

"This paper argues that inequality can be both good and bad for growth, depending on what inequality and whose growth. Unequal societies may be holding back one segment of the population while helping another. Similarly, high levels of income inequality may be due to a variety of different factors; some of these may be good while others may be bad for growth. The paper tests this hypothesis by “unpacking” both inequality and growth. Total inequality is decomposed into inequality of opportunity, due to observed factors that are beyond the individual's control, and residual inequality. Growth is measured at different steps of the income ladder to verify whether low, middle, and top income households fare differently in societies with high (low) levels of inequality. In an application to the United States covering 1960 to 2010, the paper finds that inequality of opportunity is particularly bad for growth of the poor. When inequality of opportunity is controlled for, the importance of total income inequality is dramatically reduced. These results are robust to different measures of inequality of opportunity and econometric methods."

"The authors would like to thank the managing editor of the International Labour Review and the anonymous referee for their helpful comments. We also received very helpful comments from Steven Brakman, Harry Garretsen, José Luis Groizard, Arjan Lejour, Roman Stöllinger, Bas ter Weel, and participants at the following conferences: fifth Research Conference of the Forschungsschwerpunkt Internationale Wirtschaft (FIW) Research Centre and the FIW Seminar in International Economics, Vienna, 2012; second international BIBB/IAB Workshop on Technology, Assets, Skills, Knowledge, Specialization (TASKS 2), Bonn, 2012; Turkish Economic Association (TEA) International Conference on Economics, Izmir, 2012; TOBB-ETU seminar “Effects of technology and offshoring on changes in employment and the task content of occupations”, Ankara, November 2012; XIV Conference on International Economics, Palma, Majorca, 2013; and the Annual Congress of the European Economic Association, Gothenburg, 2013."

"Gegenüber der vor allem von zivilgesellschaftlicher Seite wachsenden Kritik am angestrebten Transatlantischen Handels- und Investitionsabkommen (TTIP) ermitteln ökonomische Studien wie die vom ifo Institut München zum Teil hohe Wohlfahrtsgewinne. Die ifo-Studien grenzen sich von den herkömmlichen rechenbaren Allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodellen ab. Doch es bleibt fraglich, ob es diesen Studien gelingt, durch ökonometrische Schätzungen der Modellparameter und durch die Berücksichtigung von Arbeitslosigkeit sowie imperfektem Wettbewerb die bekannten Schwächen der Gleichgewichtsmodelle zu überwinden. Nach einer kurzen allgemeinen Einschätzung der Risiken des TTIP prüft dieser Artikel daher die innere Konsistenz der ifo-Studien, die Realitätsnähe der Modellannahmen und die unterstellten Kausalitäten. Im Ergebnis muss der Optimismus der ökonomischen Studien mit Vorsicht genossen werden, da die verbleibenden Unsicherheiten der Prognosen groß sind."

"Despite the ongoing discussion on labor shortage in the German economy there is still a lack of empirical analyses of this problem based on adequate econometric methods. The paper explores the determinants of labor shortage in the environmental sector supplying products and services that help to reduce environmental impacts and energy use. Labor shortages occur when the price adjustment mechanism is too slow to balance labor demand and supply. The empirical analysis of labor shortage uses recent data of the establishment panel of the Institute for Employment Research in Nuremberg. A descriptive analysis shows that the environmental sector seems to be over-proportionally affected by labor shortage. Following the results of an econometric analysis innovative firms are significantly more likely to be characterized by labor shortage problems. For climate protection technologies, analytics/consulting or environmental research and development labor shortage seems to result from the respective innovative activities of the firms requiring highskilled and specialized staff whereas labor shortage in the recycling sector is due to a lack of low-paid personnel. Further econometric estimations show that firms characterized by labor shortage problems are significantly more likely to pay wages above average."

"This paper discusses methodological problems of standard errors and treatment effects. First, heteroskedasticity- and cluster-robust estimates are considered as well as problems with Bernoulli distributed regressors, outliers and partially identified parameters. Second, procedures to determine treatment effects are analyzed. Four principles are in the focus: difference-in-differences estimators, matching procedures, treatment effects in quantile regression analysis and regression discontinuity approaches. These methods are applied to Cobb-Douglas functions using IAB establishment panel data.Different heteroskedasticity-consistent procedures lead to similar results of standard errors. Cluster-robust estimates show evident deviates. Dummies with a mean near 0.5 have a smaller variance of the coefficient estimates than others. Not all outliers have a strong influence on significance. New methods to handle the problem of partially identified parameters lead to more efficient estimates.The four discussed treatment procedures are applied to the question whether company-level pacts affect the output. In contrast to unconditional difference-in-differences and to estimates without matching the company-level effect is positive but insignificant if conditional difference-in-differences, nearest-neighbor or Mahalanobis metric matching is applied. The latter result has to be specified under quantile treatment effects analysis. The higher the quantile the higher is the positive company-level pact effect and there is a tendency from insignificant to significant effects. A sharp regression discontinuity analysis shows a structural break at a probability of 0.5 that a company-level pact exists. No specific effect of the Great Recession can be detected. Fuzzy regression discontinuity estimates reveal that the company-level pact effect is significantly lower in East than in West Germany."

"This overview describes the development of methods for empirical research in the field of labor economics during the past four decades. This period is characterized by the use of micro data to answer policy relevant research question. Prominent in the literature is the search for exogenous variation in treatment assignment which can be exploited to estimate causal effects. With the increased availability of detailed administrative data empirical labor economics and more generally empirical microeconomics will become an even more prominent field in economics research."

"À partir d'une expérimentation de testing réalisée sur le métier d'hôte de caisse dans le secteur de la grande distribution, une discrimination est établie à l'encontre des hommes et plus fortement encore, à l'encontre des Français d'origine marocaine. Une étude économétrique prenant en compte l'environnement économique et social des magasins testés montre qu'il est possible d'identifier et d'interpréter une discrimination par goût à la Becker lorsque le protocole expérimental a été réalisé dans ce but. Les résultats tendent à attester d'une discrimination statistique envers les hommes car les femmes leur sont préférées en raison de la faible élasticité de leur offre de travail aux conditions de travail. La discrimination à l'encontre des candidats d'origine marocaine semble au contraire être due aux « goûts » du client ou de l'employeur."