Documents private sector 326 results

"The scope of economic theory expands if we consider that working provides people with both pecuniary compensation for its disutility and job satisfaction. This study empirically analyzes the job satisfaction of employees in Japanese private companies using a multivariate ordered probit model. In particular, we examine the effects of a big economic shock, such as the Lehman shock, on job satisfaction, as well as the effects of differences in gender and employment status. We estimate the model using a Bayesian analysis and a multivariate ordered probit model using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We show that non-pecuniary aspects of jobs play an important role in job satisfaction."

"This paper evaluates the link between employee affective commitment and wages using a theoretical model predicting that affective commitment and wages can be complements. We estimate simultaneous quantile regressions based on a matched worker–employer sample of private sector workers from the UK's Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2004. Our results suggest that wages increase with increasing levels of affective commitment, consistent with the idea that the two are complements."

"We investigate whether public and private sector employees bear a different wage penalty for having children. According to our estimates, the total motherhood wage penalty is much larger in the private than in the public sector. Nevertheless, in both sectors, we find no unexplained penalty once we control for potential determinants of the family pay gap, namely, a reduced labour supply of mothers, child-related career interruptions, less access to management positions, and adjustments in working conditions. Finally, only child-related career interruptions play a different role in explaining the motherhood wage penalty in each sector."

"In a context of widespread concern about budget deficits, it is important to assess whether public sector pay is in line with the private sector. Our paper proposes an estimation of differences in lifetime values of employment between public and private sectors for five European countries. We use data from the European Community Household Panel over the period 1994–2001 for Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy and Spain. We look at lifetime values instead of wage levels because, as we show in our results, differences in earnings mobility, earnings volatility and job loss risk across sectors occur in many instances and these will matter to forward-looking individuals. When aggregated into a measure of lifetime value of employment in either sector, these differences yield estimates of the lifetime premium in the public sector for these five countries. We also present differences in the institutional and labour market structures in these countries and find that countries for which we estimate a positive lifetime premium in the public sector, i.e. France and Spain, are also the countries where access to the public sector requires costly entry procedures. This paper is to the best of our knowledge the first to use this dynamic approach applied to Europe, which we are able to do with a common dataset, time-period and model."

"This paper uses a sample of male workers to estimate public and private wage structures and the public wage premium for Italy. Results from a model with endogenous sector and schooling suggest that public employees have on average lower unobserved wage potentials in both sectors than private employees, but work in the sector where they benefit from a comparative wage advantage. Schooling is positively correlated with wages in both sectors, and controlling for that is crucial to get more reliable estimates and predictions. The associated average unconditional public wage premium is 12 per cent. The net premium is 9 per cent, but not statistically significant."

"Utilizing Norwegian linked register and survey data, while exploiting a discontinuity in public sick pay legislation, I show that the public sick pay compensation level causally affects male performance pay workers' sick leave days. Both male and female performance pay workers experience longer sick leaves when provided private supplementary sick pay compared with those being eligible for public sick pay only. This differential impact of the replacement rate on workers' sick leave rates reveals heterogeneous behavioural changes following public sick pay cuts, and this heterogeneity will be reinforced by the provision of employer-provided sick pay to attractive worker groups."

"Private school students do not always perform better in standardized tests. We suggest that this may be explained by choice of private schooling by less capable students in countries where government schools are better suited to talented students. To assess the empirical relevance of this mechanism, we exploit cross-country variation in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 survey of differences between private and state school regarding organizational features that are differently suitable for students with different learning ability. We seek and find evidence of this mechanism's empirical relevance in controlled regressions that treat within-country variation of PISA scores as an indicator of unobserved ability to learn."

"Exploiting a unique dataset including cross-country comparable hiring and separation rates by type of transition for 24 OECD countries, 23 business-sector industries and 13 years, we study the effect of dismissal regulations on different types of gross worker flows, defined as one-year transitions. We use both a difference-in-difference approach – in which the impact of regulations is identified by exploiting likely cross-industry differences in their impact – and standard time-series analysis – in which the effect of regulations is identified through regulatory changes over time. We find that the more restrictive the regulation, the smaller is the rate of within-industry job-to-job transitions, in particular towards permanent jobs. By contrast, we find no significant effect as regards separations involving an industry change or leading to non-employment. The extent of reinstatement in the case of unfair dismissal appears to be the most important regulatory determinant of gross worker flows. We also present a large battery of robustness checks that suggest that our findings are robust."

"Le statut a-t-il protégé les fonctionnaires de l'intensification du travail observée à la fin du siècle dernier ? Quels effets a pu avoir l'importation dans l'administration publique de méthodes de gestion issues du privé ? En s'appuyant sur les enquêtes Conditions de travail de la Dares, l'auteure examine l'évolution depuis le milieu des années 1980 des contraintes du travail ressenties par des salariés du public et du privé exerçant des mêmes fonctions ou métiers, comme les employés administratifs, les professionnels de la santé, de la sécurité et les enseignants. Par cette approche descriptive, l'article cherche à préciser les résultats des comparaisons globales entre les secteurs public et privé, qui peuvent masquer des différences propres à l'activité, mais aussi à généraliser des observations issues de nombreux travaux monographiques. Au sein de chacun des métiers examinés, l'augmentation de la pression sur le travail ressentie par les salariés apparaît d'une ampleur comparable, qu'ils soient agents de la fonction publique ou qu'ils travaillent dans le privé, même si on peut observer certaines petites différences."