"The opening up of the public sector by a strategy of regulated liberalisation is a controversial policy area for the EU. The article provides an introduction to the political, economic and social considerations on which European liberalisation is based, namely the need for a balance between economic efficiency and ensuring the provision of public goods. The most important elements in the practical implementation of EU liberalisation policy, with their weaknesses and deficiencies, are explained. In conclusion the changes implied for trade unions are discussed: while liberalisation undoubtedly confronts unions with new challenges and dangers, it also offers them opportunities, provided they Europeanise their interest representation structures. "

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