Documents Gábos, András 4 results

"This paper investigates the relationship between material deprivation and relative income poverty. We apply the method suggested by Nolan and Whelan (2011a,b) to measure consistent poverty in the European Union. We are interested in the cross-country variation in those at risk of consistent poverty, as well as in the main household-level factors associated with this status. Using EU-SILC data from 2012, we first perform a correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between different poverty concepts and their measures. Second, we analyse the poverty identification patterns of the population by country and country group, according to the four possible combinations of income poverty and severe material deprivation status: not at risk at all, at risk of income poverty only, severely materially deprived only, at risk of consistent poverty. Third, multivariate regression analysis is performed to identify the main individual and household-level factors predicting consistent poverty status.According to our results, consistent poverty is present in all Member States, although its extent displays fairly large cross-country differences. The share of those living in consistent poverty is highest in the New Member States and the Southern countries. A higher rate of being generally at risk of poverty is associated with higher rates of consistent poverty across the countries. Living in consistent poverty (compared to not being at risk at all) is associated with several household characteristics not only in the EU as a whole, but also across country groups. Household structure, attained level of education of the household head, and work intensity of the household show the strongest correlation with consistent poverty status. Those living in consistent poverty are more likely than those in severe material deprivation or income poverty to live in bigger families, to have lower levels of education, and to have weak or non-existent links to the labour market. In addition, they evaluate their financial circumstances as being worse, ceteris paribus."

"The paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of how employment change relates to changes in poverty in the European Union's Member States by looking at both micro and macro level correlations. EU-LFS and EU-SILC data are used to analyse trends between 2005 and 2012, to reflect also on the societal effects of the financial and economic crisis. Time series for this period show that the crisis has resulted in very different employment trajectories. Larger volatility in employment was accompanied by a relatively sizeable change in poverty rates as well. According to our preferred regression model estimates, poverty to employment elasticity has been around 25 percent on average in the EU in the period between 2005 and 2012. The decomposition of poverty changes shows that countries differ greatly in the portion of total poverty changes attributed to changes in the poverty rates of both individuals living in jobless and non-jobless households, as well as in the portion of total poverty changes attributed to the changes in the population share of those in jobless households. We conclude that the success of poverty reduction depends to a large extent on three factors: the dynamics of overall employment growth, the fair distribution of the employment growth across households with different work intensity and properly designed social welfare systems to smooth out income losses for those families who are, for some reasons, unable to generate sufficient income for themselves from the labour markets."

"Current levels of youth unemployment need to be understood in the context of increased labor market flexibility, an expansion of higher education, youth migration, and family legacies of long-term unemployment. Compared with previous recessions, European-wide policies and investments have significantly increased with attempts to support national policies. By mapping these developments and debates, we illustrate the different factors shaping the future of European labor markets. We argue that understanding youth unemployment requires a holistic approach that combines an analysis of changes in the economic sphere around labor market flexibility, skills attainment, and employer demand, as well as understanding the impact of family legacies affecting increasingly polarized trajectories for young people today. The success of EU policy initiatives and investments will be shaped by the ability of national actors to implement these effectively."

"The aim of this paper is to dynamically analyse the three indicators of poverty and social exclusion covered by the EU2020 poverty target, while focusing on state dependence and feedback effects. We are interested in learning to what extent being at risk of poverty, severe material deprivation or low work intensity in one year is related to being in the same status one year later and if being in a given status predicts the occurrence of one of the others in subsequent periods. Our results indicate that the three social indicators of the EU2020 strategy are capturing different aspects of economic hardship in the majority of European countries analysed. We show that the three processes are affected by a considerable degree of genuine state dependence but weak evidence for one-year lagged feedback effects (with the exception of the Central-Eastern European countries where feedback loops between the three segments are found. Mostly, interrelationships occur via current effects, initial conditions and correlated unobserved heterogeneity. In terms of policy implications, our results suggest that the three phenomena should be handled by different interventions while expecting spill-over effects across time to be marginal."