"The EU has not played a central role in responses to COVID-19 and Greer and de Ruijter's article provides some clues regarding why.1 Put simply, member states have been resistant to building the institutional mechanisms needed to address a cross-national health threat, such as a pandemic, and so the EU's role has by virtue of these constraints been relatively minor. This was not inevitable and there are, as Greer and de Ruijter describe, a number of options open to the EU both now and in the future..."

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