"The recent Sub-Prime crisis has prompted a close focus on the causes of financial instability as well as the issue of whether it can be prevented. There is a growing realisation that the Sub-Prime crisis, although having some important unique features, also had a number of generic aspects in common with earlier financial crises, of which a large number have been seen in recent decades. Accordingly, the crisis has prompted a debate about macroprudential policy, which focuses on the financial system as a whole, treating aggregate risk as endogenous with regard to collective behaviour of institutions. Our survey shows that a great deal of progress has been made in 'macroprudential surveillance' and related research on causes and predictors of crises. Much less progress has been made in 'macroprudential regulation', the design and implementation of policies to prevent or mitigate threatened crises."

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