"This article examines the role of employee involvement in industrial change at European level. It has been argued that employee participation constitutes an important pillar of the European social model promoted by the Lisbon strategy in 2000. The article explains why employee participation is important for responding to international competition. It assesses the extent to which a model of employee involvement and participation that manages change in a socially responsible way is already in place in Europe. This is addressed by appraising the strengths and weaknesses of European trade unions in setting up spaces for cross-border activities. Some elements that may enhance the level of cross-national union coordination are also indicated. "

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