"I estimate the effect of maternal incarceration on education and labor market outcomes. I link mother–child panels and estimate maternal fixed effects to control for unobservable household heterogeneity. Maternal incarceration from birth to age 10 is associated with increased grade retention and dropout rates. Conditional on completing high school, incarceration from 15 to 17 is associated with decreased college attendance. Maternal incarceration does not appear to have a further effect on employment, but some wage penalties are apparent. Propensity score analysis suggests that controlling for unobservable household characteristics is vital when examining the link between incarceration and labor outcomes."

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