"This chapter analyses how the just transition concept has been developing in the last couple of decades in the light of trade union strategies and practices under different conditions. Literature review and reference to several case studies under different institutional settings are applied. The focus is on trade union strategies and related just transition state and company policies in two sectors (energy and automobile) in Poland, Germany, France and Italy. The main drivers of the transformation, the likely employment and regional effects and actors' strategies are discussed. Based on an environmental labour studies perspective, the chapter concludes that in order to implement the concept of just transition in real-world societies, a new integrative welfare concept is needed, framed as the ‘eco-social state'."

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