Documents protectionism 58 results

"La conjonction de l'effondrement du commerce mondial et d'une grave récession consécutive à la pandémie de COVID-19 va durcir les politiques protectionnistes mises en œuvre par les gouvernements des pays les plus puissants déjà à l'œuvre depuis la crise de 2008. La conjoncture historique qui s'est formée à la fin des années 2000 s'est traduite par un resserrement des relations entre économie mondiale et géopolitique. Le « nationalisme technologique » risque fort d'être une forme certes modérée mais de plus en plus prégnante sur l'échelle de la conflictualité mondiale."

"If taken at their word, senior policymakers in the major economic powers have drawn adverse conclusions concerning the performance of cross-border supply chains during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. That such supply chains often implicate China, the origin of the pandemic, has also led to claims that trading partners have become too dependent on Chinese supplies. This in turn has led to policy interventions designed to reconfigure supply chains, which if adopted broadly could revise the terms upon which international business operates. A critical evaluation of this policymaker assessment is presented, based on near-time monitoring of medical and food trade disruption induced by government policy, on fine-grained trade data on the pre-pandemic international sourcing patterns of medical goods and medicines by France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, on statements from U.S. government health experts before and during the pandemic on the frequency and sources of medicine shortages, and on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's latest evidence on the causes of medicine shortages in 2020. Such evidence vitiates the adverse conclusions mentioned above, but raises important questions about the factors that determine policy towards international business during a time of intensifying geopolitical rivalry."

"Europe, as Jean Monnet, one of the founding fathers of the European Union, famously predicted, has been forged by crisis. But what makes the crisis engulfing the continent today so grave is that it has three interlocking dimensions: geopolitical, economic, and institutional. It's a crisis that cannot be resolved solely by more borrowing or a blizzard of new rules from Brussels. It requires a complete change in mindset. Are Europeans really prepared for such a leap?..."

This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

"Long-held economic and political certainties are eroding and the shape of the emerging world order is still vague. This Forum brings together articles that imagine a new world order, one that looks different from the current system shaped by decades of belief in free markets and globalisation. What might a forward-looking industrial policy look like – one that does not just react to crises? What kind of climate policy truly brings people on board? How could globalisation be more inclusive and avoid trade wars or the abuse of power by tech giants? The contributors to this Forum, who took part in the Forum New Economy's 2025 Berlin Summit, continue the dialogue on how to win back the future."

"The decrease of financial integration both at the global and European level reflects, to a certain extent, a market response to the crisis. It might, however, also be partly driven by policies such as capital flow management measures (CFMs). In addition, several other measures taken by central banks, regulators and governments in response to the crisis may have had less obvious negative side effects on financial integration. Against this backdrop, this paper explores broad definitions of financial protectionism in order to raise awareness of the fact that the range of policies which could negatively affect financial integration may be much wider than residency-based CFMs. At the same time, the paper acknowledges that these measures have mostly been taken for legitimate financial stability purposes and with no protectionist intentions. The paper considers five categories of policy measures which could contribute to financial fragmentation both at the global and at the EU level: currency-based measures directed towards banks, geographic ring fencing, some financial repression policies, crisis resolution policies with a national bias, and some financial sector taxes."

"This article engages critically with an emergent rhetoric suggesting that Member States and trade unions seeking to apply their domestic social standards to foreign service providers, in the context of what EU lawyers refer to as ‘Free movement of Services', engage in practices amounting to economic protectionism. To countervail this rhetoric, the paper revisits some of the regulatory principles and rationales underpinning the law on ‘Free Movement of Workers' and draws a number of parallels between them and the principles that regulate, or ought to regulate, other freedoms that de facto involve the free circulation of working persons in Europe, albeit under the guise of ‘Free movement of Services' or ‘Freedom of Establishment'. It asserts that all market freedoms affecting the free movement rights of working persons in Europe, ought to be regulated by reference to what the paper describes as the ‘Equal treatment Principle', and should distance themselves from any ‘Country of Origin' rationale."

"Conventional wisdom holds that protectionism is counter-cyclic; tariffs, quotas and the like grow during recessions. While that may have been a valid description of the data before the First World War, it is now inaccurate. Since the Second World War, protectionism has not been counter-cyclic; tariffs and non-tariff barriers simply do not rise systematically during downturns. I document this new stylised fact with a panel of data covering over 180 countries and 40 years, using over a dozen measures of protectionism and six of business cycles. I test and reject a number of potential reasons why protectionism is no longer counter-cyclic. A ‘diagnosis of exclusion' leads me to believe that modern economics may well be responsible for the decline in protectionism's cyclic behaviour; economists are more united in their disdain for protectionism than virtually any other concept. This in turn leaves one optimistic that the level of protectionism will continue to decline along with its cyclicality."