Documents competition 272 results

"A striking feature of the past few decades has been the development of wage-determination models that assume that labor markets are imperfectly competitive. This paper discusses two such models (trade unions and oligopsony), although there are many more. It also asks if imperfectly competitive models should be used whenever researchers are modeling the labor market. Some people would argue for this only in cases when the predictions and comparative statics of the imperfectly competitive model differ from those of the competitive model. Of course, to know this, one needs to know precisely what the predictions and comparative statics of the respective models are. Moreover, for policymakers to be able to determine if an intervention is required in the first place, there does need to be some analytical framework to act as a guide. In the perfectly competitive model of the labor markets, for example, typically no intervention or regulation would be justified. However, labor economics has moved far beyond this position, with the incorporation of new ideas into modeling wage determination in imperfectly competitive labor markets, and with the availability of better datasets to facilitate empirical investigation."

"We examine how competition in international markets affects a union's choice of wage regime, which can be either uniform or discriminatory. Firms are heterogeneous with regard to international competition. When unions choose their wage regimes sequentially, a discriminatory outcome becomes more likely when international competition increases. However, for intermediate levels a union may stick with a uniform wage regime even if the rival union adopts a discriminatory regime. When competition is sufficiently intense, both unions revert to the discriminatory regime. Paradoxically only in those latter instances all parties (consumers, workers, and firms) may be better off (each in aggregate) if all unions adopt a uniform wage regime. We conclude that union incentives to coordinate their wage regimes should then also become largest."

"À partir d'une expérimentation de testing réalisée sur le métier d'hôte de caisse dans le secteur de la grande distribution, une discrimination est établie à l'encontre des hommes et plus fortement encore, à l'encontre des Français d'origine marocaine. Une étude économétrique prenant en compte l'environnement économique et social des magasins testés montre qu'il est possible d'identifier et d'interpréter une discrimination par goût à la Becker lorsque le protocole expérimental a été réalisé dans ce but. Les résultats tendent à attester d'une discrimination statistique envers les hommes car les femmes leur sont préférées en raison de la faible élasticité de leur offre de travail aux conditions de travail. La discrimination à l'encontre des candidats d'origine marocaine semble au contraire être due aux « goûts » du client ou de l'employeur."