Documents membership 45 results

"The United Kingdom will take the most important decision of this millennium so far on 23rd June 2016 when it decides whether to remain in or to leave the European Union. The huge uncertainty surrounding the outcome of this momentous vote not only in the UK but across the whole of Europe is already taking a heavy toll – economically as well as politically.
What's more, the poor quality of debate on a topic as complex as EU membership carries the risk that this crucial vote is decided not on the basis of the best available information and analysis but on gut feeling and short-term mood swings. This is no way to decide upon fundamental issues of democracy and sovereignty for years to come.
We have therefore decided to bring together the key arguments developed by some leading thinkers from within and without the UK to show why Brexit is a bad political idea. New in-depth economic analyses of the most likely effects of Brexit are published virtually every single day but there is a surprising lack of comprehensive political analysis with the same level of intensity and depth. This book seeks to close this gap."

"Trade union membership is an indicator of social integration. In this paper, we study the gap in unionization rates between immigrants and natives using high‐quality population‐wide administrative data from Norway. We document that the average unionization rate among immigrants increases strongly with time since arrival, but it never catches up fully with that of natives. Variables describing labour market sorting explain well above half of the gap, mainly because immigrants tend to be employed in firms and industries with lower levels of unionization. There are significant differences in immigrants' unionization by their country of origin, but these differences are also largely accounted for by background characteristics and labour market sorting — and they do not extend to the second generation. We conclude that existing research, which has mainly relied on survey data, has understated the importance of labour market sorting for immigrants' low unionization rates."

"The UK exit from the EU represents a qualitative change in the nature of EU membership. On the one hand, it conveyed the lesson that for the Union to be sustainable, membership needs to entail constant caretaking as far as individual members' contributions to the common good are concerned, with both rights and obligations. Countries with preferences that are too divergent for the Union to function properly should then not be discouraged to invoke Article 50 and to opt instead for membership in the EEA or for a free trade agreement. The Union has to deliver to be sustainable, but it cannot do so if there is a constant hold up of decisions that are in the common interest. On the other hand, with the eurozone having established itself as the de facto core of European (political) integration, the UK's preference for a stand-alone (and incomplete) economic union became untenable, because the need to make the monetary union work calls for further integration and institution-building in the economic union sphere."

"While there is a strong overlap between membership in employers' associations and collective bargaining coverage, the overlap is far from being perfect. Using unique firm-level data from Germany, this study estimates the determinants of the membership in employers' associations and the coverage by industry-level or firm-level agreements. The analysis particularly focuses on the various constellations of membership and collective bargaining status. The results show that firm-level worker representation, foreign ownership, work organization, firm size, age and East–West differences are important determinants. Altogether, the analysis demonstrates that a more differentiated picture of industrial relations can be obtained by considering both membership in employers' associations and collective bargaining coverage."

"This paper proposes an explanation of why union membership has been increasing in some occupations, despite the opportunity to freeride on traditional union benefits. I model membership as legal insurance whose demand increases with the perceived risk of allegations. Using media reports on allegations against teachers as shocks to perceived risk, I find for every five reports occurring in a region, teachers are 2.5 percentage points more likely to be members in the subsequent year. These effects are larger when teachers share characteristics with the news story and explain 45 percent of the growth in teacher union membership since 1992."

"Vor etwa 25 Jahren begannen Arbeitgeberverbände mit der Einführung sogenannter Mitgliedschaften ohne Tarifbindung (OT). Auf Basis von Daten der Befragung „Wirtschaftsverbände in Deutschland 2012“ liefert der Beitrag erste empirische Befunde zur Verbreitung von OT-Mitgliedschaften. Bis zu 61 % der untersuchten Verbände bieten ihren Mitgliedsunternehmen ein solches Wahlrecht an. In diesen Verbänden machen im Durchschnitt 48 % der Mitglieder tatsächlich von OT Gebrauch. Neben zentralen Strukturvariablen wie Branche und Verbandsgröße, so zeigt sich, spielen die tarifpolitischen Einschätzungen seitens der Verbandsgeschäftsführungen eine entscheidende Rolle für oder gegen die Entscheidung zur Einführung von OT. Dies belegen auch multivariate Analysen: So sinkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein Verband seinen Mitgliedern OT-Mitgliedschaften anbietet, wenn dieser von Kleinunternehmen dominiert wird; sie steigt hingegen deutlich an, wenn die Verbandsgeschäftsführungen den etablierten Tarifstrukturen kritisch gegenüberstehen."