Documents Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael 17 results

"In recent years, there has been growing concern in Europe about the lack of an established comparable measure of job quality to complement the widely accepted quantitative indicators in the formulation and evaluation of European employment policies. The aim of this paper is to offer a guided tour around the different views and existing proposals of job quality indicators, mainly from a European perspective. First, we discuss the methodological decisions that have to be made in the process of designing an indicator of job quality, from both a theoretical and methodological/technical perspective. Second, these arguments are used to discuss critically the different empirical approaches to the measurement of job quality proposed in the literature. We finish by presenting some recommendations for the construction of a job quality index for policy purposes. "

"The paper presents an account of the economic policy followed by Spain during the economic and financial crisis of 2009. After a first reaction based on the application of countercyclical policy, in 2010, following the directions and pressures of the European Commission and in a desperate intent to regain the confidence of the financial markets, the Spanish government made a U-turn in his economic policy embracing, with the faith of a convert, the doctrine of expansionary austerity and making the fight against public deficit its unique priority. This article reviews how this policy, jointly with labour market reform carried out at the same time, has affected the relative weak Spanish Welfare State."

"This article studies the determinants of subjective job insecurity in five European countries (Belgium, Finland, Germany, Spain and The Netherlands), using data from the WageIndicator web survey. The impact of different variables is estimated using logistic regression.The analysis shows that differences in subjective job insecurity of women are explained by their objective situation in the labour market. In contrast, subjective insecurity increases with age; education reduces job insecurity, as do wages, except at very high wage levels; having a temporary — but not — a part-time — contract contributes to insecurity, which points to the different nature of the two types of contract."

"Mainstream economics traditionally restricts the analysis of the labor market to purely monetary factors, such as earnings, leaving aside many other characteristics which might affect the desirability of certain jobs. By contrast, this original book aims to explore the alternatives and problems faced by researchers in quantifying and measuring a broader notion of job quality. The main objective is to analyze the different approaches to measurement and to analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods within a European context. Specifically, the book presents a unique new index of job quality and applies it to the EU Member States. The index proves particularly useful to measure the differences in job quality by country, occupation, gender and age.

Based on solid theory and data, this book will prove essential for postgraduate students, researchers and academics of labor economics, sociology, industrial relations, and European studies as it presents a coherent discussion of the concept and components of job quality, and of the difficulties of measuring it. The book also proposes a new aggregate index of job quality that can contribute to the evaluation of European employment policies and performance that will appeal to European policy circles."

"This article aims to offer an ex ante evaluation of the impact of a parametric reform of the Spanish pension system that would involve increasing the reference period used to calculate benefits, an approach proposed many times by various actors in the socio-economic field. Such gradual change may be categorized as a non-structural reform of the pension system. This contrasts with reforms of a structural nature that have been very popular in Latin America and elsewhere, involving the creation of defined contribution individual account schemes. As regards the parametric reform proposed in this article, the main findings indicate that it would have a small but negative impact on pension income for pensioners and would reduce income distribution."

"En el contexto actual del mercado laboral ocupa un lugar central la formación de capital humano para el desarrollo social y económico, por lo que es motivo de especial preocupación la persistencia, pese a los enormes progresos en materia educativa que ha experimentado nuestro país durante las últimas décadas, de unas tasas de abandono escolar mucho más altas en España que en los países europeos de nuestro entorno.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar en profundidad los fenómenos del fracaso y del abandono escolar en España y su impacto sobre la inserción laboral de los individuos afectados. Con esta finalidad, tras ofrecer una breve revisión de las distintas definiciones y teorías explicativas del fracaso escolar, se cuantifican el fracaso y el abandono escolar empleando distintas metodologías y se exploran los determinantes del abandono escolar entre los jóvenes españoles a través de la explotación de la Encuesta de Población Activa. Asimismo se aborda el análisis de los efectos negativos que el fracaso y el abandono escolar tienen sobre los patrones de inserción laboral, los ingresos laborales y las perspectivas profesionales de los individuos afectados. El libro concluye con una revisión exhaustiva de los estudios existentes acerca del impacto de las políticas que, desde una perspectiva del mercado de trabajo, han sido articuladas a través de los distintos niveles de la Administración Pública para tratar de paliar las consecuencias negativas del abandono escolar temprano en España."