Documents Iran, Islamic Republic 9 results

"The historical development of capital has produced a progressive increase in the demand for raw material and has consequently resulted in the concentration of capital in, and the geographical expansion of, the production of natural resources, globalizing and intensifying the competition for the control of production and markets.
This book is an attempt to explain, at the theoretical and empirical level, the relationship between the production of oil and the process of inter-capitalist competition in the global economy, and why it is necessary to appreciate the underlying process of the social production of space in determining the access to and control of global oil production and world markets. It will appeal to those undertaking research in political economy, economic geography, resource geography and international relations."

"BACKGROUND:Acute and chronic exposure to xylene can result in a range of negative health effects. However, xylene is widely used and emitted in the air of workplaces.OBJECTIVES:To evaluate xylene vapor concentrations to guide the design and evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system to reduce exposure in a pesticide production factory.METHOD:A real time volatile organic compound (VOC) monitor was used to determine the workers' time-weighted average (TWA) exposure. A LEV system was designed, and then, workers' exposure to xylene vapor was evaluated.RESULTS:We found that worker's exposure to xylene (4·7±5·5 ppm) was lower than the standards recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA). Despite the low TWA exposures, the short-term exposures for some workers were higher than STEL levels. Three canopy hoods were designed and installed with capture velocities of 0·508 m second(-1) and duct velocity of 10·16 m second(-1).CONCLUSION:We found that an exhaust ventilation system had a significantly reduced occupational exposure to xylene vapor."

"Background Measuring the distribution of health is a part of assessing health system performance. This study aims to estimate health inequality between different socioeconomic groups and its determinants in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Methods Self-rated health (SRH) and demographic characteristics, including gender, age, marital status, educational years, and assets, were measured by structured interviews of 2464 residents of Tehran in 2008. A concentration index was calculated to measure health inequality by economic status. The association of potential determinants and SRH was assessed through multivariate logistic regression. The contribution to concentration index of level of education, marital status and other determining factors was assessed by decomposition. Results The mean age of respondents was 41.4?years (SD 17.7) and 49% of them were men. The mean score of SRH status was 3.72 (range: 1–5; SD 0.93). 282 respondents (11.5%) rated their health status as poor or very poor. The concentration index was ?0.29 (SE 0.03; p<0.001). Age, marital status, level of education and household economic status were significantly associated with SRH in both the crude and adjusted analyses. The main contributors to inequality in SRH were economic status (47.8%), level of education (29.2%) and age (23.0%). Conclusions Sub-optimal SRH was more in lower than in higher economic status. After controlling for age, the levels of education and household wealth have the greatest contributions to SRH inequality."

"The problem of work–family balance has not yet been articulated in developing countries as it has been in the developed countries, though work–family tensions are growing in developing countries as well. Against this background, the author examines the distribution of female employment in Iran and considers its possible determinants – with female labour force participation a mere 12.5 per cent in 2006. Drawing on a survey of 800 highly educated mothers, she highlights the crucial need for better childcare facilities to improve women's work–family balance and labour force participation, arguing for a policy approach combining formal/informal childcare with working time regulation."

"An insider's account of Iran's people, its politics, and the threat of invasion -- This is the first book to explore the changes taking in place in Iran from the ground up. While the world keeps its eyes riveted on Iran's nuclear programme, the Islamic Republic has gone through a crisis of its own. This book shows how soaring unemployment and poverty has given way to social protest. A new labour movement has come to the fore. Although strikes are banned, workers are beginning to organise and underground networks are challenging the rule of the mullahs from within.The authors offer a unique portrait of the social upheaval, why it is happening and where it may take the country. Following the fall of reformism, the rise of Ahmadinejad and the recent outbursts of ethnic violence, this book provides rare insights into the inner contradictions of the Islamic Republic. The second part of the book deals with the international issues facing Iran -- in particular the nuclear question, Iran's oil reserves and the serious threat of invasion. It is a sobering account of the realities of life in Iran, and the threat that war poses to the democratic aspirations of the Iranian people."

Entre le destin des Mayas, celui des habitants de l'île de Pâques, des Européens en 1929, des Chinois après 1945, il existe un point commun : personne n'a vu venir la crise et, surtout, personne ne savait comment celle-ci finirait. Un nouveau monde allait-il surgir, comme après l'an Mil ou la chute de Rome, ou bien un interminable chaos, comme dans l'Italie de 1943-1946, dans l'Espagne de 1810 ou en Iran après le départ du Shah ?
C'est à l'étude de ces moments décisifs, lorsqu'un événement rompt l'ordre et l'équilibre du temps, que se sont attelés quelques-uns des meilleurs historiens français. Pas pour en tirer une quelconque leçon, il n'y en a jamais, mais parce que la mise en perspective historique aide à réfléchir sur notre présent.

"Using microdata from Iran's Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the authors investigate the incidence of over-education over the period 2001–12 and show that the ratio of workers with post-secondary education increased steadily in many low-skilled jobs that required lower educational attainment. Their econometric analysis shows that the odds of over-education were higher for women than for men and that the likelihood of over-education also had a strong negative association with a worker's experience. Additional econometric tests reveal that overeducation had a negative impact on workers' wages in the private sector but that the opposite was true for public sector jobs. "