Documents Lithuania 125 results

"European welfare states are under considerable stress. On the one hand, the recession has caused unemployment to rise and household incomes to fall, which both raise the demand for social protection. On the other hand, austerity policies and programme reforms affect the capacity of welfare states to provide social protection. This paper aims to provide an early assessment of the distributional implications of the economic developments in Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania in the period 2009-13. Using a microsimulation model, we attempt to disentangle the first-order effects of tax-benefit policies from the overall effects of the crisis. Moreover, we estimate how the burden of the crisis has been shared across income groups, and how the differential impact of the crisis may have altered the composition of the population in poverty. We conclude by discussing the methodological pitfalls and policy implications of our research."

"Traumatisé par l'éclatement violent de la République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie (1990-1996), l'espace qui, géographiquement, englobe les Etats de l'Europe du Sud-Est est devenu le théâtre, depuis la seconde moitié des années quatre-vingt-dix, d'une pléiade de coopérations diverses et variées. Abordées dans cet article d'un double point de vue, spatial d'une part, privilégiant par conséquent l'approche territoriale, et institutionnel, d'autre part, car reposant sur des initiatives étatiques, ces coopérations à géométrie variable vont des plus concrètes aux plus inabouties. La plupart sont financièrement soutenues, voire initiées, par des programmes de l'Union européenne, essentiellement les programmes Interreg dont une des composantes (Interreg III B) réunit dans un seul espace les territoires de l'Europe du Sud-Est, de l'Europe centrale, de l'Adriatique et du Danube (CADSES). Cet espace se décompose en toute une série de coopérations allant de l'Initiative au groupe de travail en passant par l'enceinte la plus connue et la plus large : le Pacte de stabilité pour l'Europe du Sud-Est. L'un des principaux points positifs, et non des moindres dans une région qui recèle encore de fortes tensions politiques et sociales alimentées par un sous-développement économique marqué, est la diversité des acteurs impliqués. Responsables politiques locaux, agents économiques privés, associations s'efforcent, ensemble, d'initier des projets locaux à partir des besoins du terrain selon une démarche bottom up encore très peu usitée. La formule des eurorégions dont l'auteur fait ici l'inventaire fournit un cadre apparemment idéal, porteur de dynamiques transfrontalières qui, fortement encouragées par l'UE, sont, selon les cas, plus ou moins formalisées."

"Portraits of Labor Market Exclusion presents “profiles” or “portraits” of individuals who have limited labor-market attachment. It is widely accepted that those with limited attachment to the labor market are a highly heterogeneous group (including, for instance, recent job losers, long-term unemployed, school leavers with no labor-market experience, those close to retirement age, or people with caring responsibilities), and that understanding their circumstances and potential barriers is an essential prerequisite for designing and implementing a tailored and effective mix of policy support and incentives. The report takes a comprehensive view, focusing on both the labor market attachment of a country's out-of-work population and the social assistance package and poverty profile of the same segment of the population. In essence, the report looks at individuals through the lenses of both poverty/welfare status and labor market indicators, and, in doing so, the portraits helps move the dialogue from a purely labor market-centric view to a broader dialogue that includes social policy as a whole. This is an important shift; for instance, social protection programs, such as family benefits and maternity benefits, and broader social policy issues such as retirement ages, often have a great impact on who remains inactive. Specifically, the report presents portraits of the out-of-work population of six countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania and Romania) in terms of distance from the labor market, human capital, and labor supply conditions, as well as demographic conditions. The analysis relies on the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) surveys for the years 2007 to 2011. Latent class analysis methodology allows multidimensional profiling of the out-of-work population, and identifies classes or groups of out-of-work individuals that are as homogeneous as possible within each class according to a set of observable characteristics, and as distant as possible between classes."